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. 2019 Jul 2;10:1491. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01491

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Copyright © 2019 Jia, Gong, Zhao, Yang, Ji, Luan, Zang and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of ALA on autophagy in the small intestine of CLP-induced septic rats. (A) The ultrastructure of the small intestine of CLP rats was observed by TEM. Scale bar: 1 μm. (B) Western blot analysis of LC3, Atg5, Atg7, beclin-1, and p62. ALA further activated autophagy in the small intestine of CLP rats. 3-MA inhibited these effects of ALA on autophagy in the small intestine. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD, n = 8. *P < 0.05 vs. sham-operated rats, **P < 0.01 vs. sham-operated rats, ^##P < 0.01 vs. CLP-operated rats, ^††P < 0.01 vs. ALA-treated CLP rats.