Table 1.
Questionnaire on the RANAS psychosocial factors (e.g., factors and items for safe water behaviors), water related behaviors, and contextual factors
| Behavior Determinants | Selected Items |
|---|---|
| Risk Factors | |
| Vulnerability | In general, how high do you think is the risk that you get diarrhea? |
| Severity | Imagine that you contracted diarrhea how severe would be the impact on your life in general? |
| Health Knowledge | Can you tell me what causes diarrhea? Could you please tell me for each following aspects whether it is a cause or not? E.g. Water contaminated by bacteria. |
| Attitudinal Factors | |
| Belief effort | How effortful do you think is collecting drinking water from safe well? |
| Belief time consuming | How time consuming do you think it is to always collect drinking water from safe well? |
| Belief expensive | How expensive is it for you to always transport and storage water in a specific water container with lid? |
| Belief distance (far away) | Do you think that the safe well of drinking water is far away from your usual area of activity? |
| Belief certain for prevention | How certain are you that always drinking water from safe well prevents you and your family from getting diarrhea? |
| Feelings | How much do you like collecting drinking water from safe well? |
| Normative Factors | |
| Others’ behavior household | How many people of your household always collect drinking water from safe well? |
| Others’ behavior village | How many people of your village always collect drinking water from safe well? |
| Others’ approval | People who are important to you like your family members, friends, the chief of the village, NGO workers or Pastor, how much they approve that you always collect drinking water from safe well? |
| Personal obligation | How strong do you feel a personal obligation to yourself to always collect drinking water from safe well? |
| Ability Factors | |
| Confidence in performance | How sure are you that you can always collect drinking water from safe well? |
| Difficult water | How difficult is to get as much drinking water as you need from safe well? |
| Barriers distance | How confident are you that you can have drinking water from safe well, even if you have to walk some distance to reach the next safe well? |
| Self-Regulation Factors | |
| Coping plan | Do you have a plan what to do so that you always have drinking water from a safe well? Plan, please specify. |
| Remembering (pay attention) | How much do you pay attention to collecting drinking water from safe well? |
| Remembering (forgetting last 24 h) | When you think about the last 24 h: How often did it happen that you forgot to collect drinking water from safe well? |
| Commitment (important) | How important is it for you to collect drinking water from safe well? |
| Commitment (committed) | How committed do you feel to collect drinking water from safe well? |
| Behavior | |
| Water collection behavior | How often do you collect drinking water from safe well? |
| Water transportation & storage behavior | How often do you transport and storage water in a specific water container with lid? [Only owners of a specific water container with lid were assessed] |
| Contextual factors | |
| Wealth index | Five items: ownership of radio, TV, mobile phone, electricity, and running water yes/no; sum scale from min. 0 to max. 5 |
| Hunger | Do you suffer from hunger often? 5-point Likert scale from 1 – never to 5 – very often |
| Anxiety about the future situation of the family | How anxious are you about the future situation of your family? 5-point Likert scale from 1 – not at all to 5 – very much |
| Diarrhea | How frequently do you suffer from diarrhea? 6-point rating scale from 1 - never to 6 - more than one day per week |
Notes. Response scales: 5-point Likert scale for all RANAS psychosocial factors and behaviors [from ‘not at all’ to ‘very much’; from ‘at no time’ to ‘almost each time’; from ‘never’ to ‘very often’; from ‘nobody’ to ‘almost all of them’], [yes; no; I don’t know]. Health knowledge sum scale ranged from min. 0 to max. 20 (yes/no questions)