TABLE 2.
Characteristics Associated With Initiation of E-cigarette, Combustible Cigarette, and Dual-Product Use at 12-Month Follow-Up Among US Youth Reporting No Lifetime Nicotine- and/or Tobacco-Product Use at Baseline in the PATH Study, 2013–2015.
| Predictor | Neither (n = 7154), % | E-cigarettes Only (n = 316) | Combustible Cigarettes Only (n = 122) | Dual Use (n = 110) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Initiating | RRR (95% CI) | aRRR (95% CI) | % Initiating | RRR (95% CI) | aRRR (95% CI) | % Initiating | RRR (95% CI) | aRRR (95% CI) | ||
| Internalizing problems | ||||||||||
| Low | 95.4 | 2.7 | Reference | Reference | 0.8 | Reference | Reference | 1.1 | Reference | Reference |
| Moderate | 92.4 | 4.6 | 1.73 (1.26–2.37)* | 1.22 (0.90–1.67) | 1.7 | 2.18 (1.33–3.58)* | 1.25 (0.73–2.15) | 1.3 | 1.25 (0.77–2.03) | 0.87 (0.51–1.50) |
| High | 86.7 | 7.4 | 2.98 (2.18–4.08)* | 1.61 (1.12–2.33)* | 3.4 | 4.59 (2.82–7.48)* | 1.63 (0.88–3.01) | 2.6 | 2.60 (1.60–4.21)* | 1.15 (0.64–2.08) |
| Externalizing problems | ||||||||||
| Low | 96.9 | 1.8 | Reference | Reference | 0.4 | Reference | Reference | 0.9 | Reference | Reference |
| Moderate | 92.5 | 4.6 | 2.62 (1.83–3.76)* | 2.22 (1.50–3.27)* | 1.5 | 3.81 (1.87–7.76)* | 3.29 (1.56–6.93)* | 1.4 | 1.67 (0.95–2.92) | 1.52 (0.83–2.76) |
| High | 87.7 | 6.8 | 4.09 (2.78–6.03)* | 2.78 (1.76–4.40)* | 3.1 | 8.31 (4.30–16.06)* | 5.59 (2.63–11.90)* | 2.3 | 3.05 (1.79–5.18)* | 2.23 (1.15–4.31)* |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Female | 92.6 | 3.9 | Reference | Reference | 1.8 | Reference | Reference | 1.6 | Reference | Reference |
| Male | 93.0 | 4.4 | 1.11 (0.87–1.43) | 1.29 (0.98–1.70) | 1.3 | 0.71 (0.48–1.05) | 0.85 (0.56–1.30) | 1.3 | 0.78 (0.50–1.20) | 0.87 (0.56–1.37) |
| Age, y | ||||||||||
| 12–14 | 94.3 | 3.3 | Reference | Reference | 1.3 | Reference | Reference | 1.1 | Reference | Reference |
| 15–17 | 90.1 | 5.7 | 1.79 (1.43–2.25)* | 1.46 (1.16–1.83)* | 2.0 | 1.56 (1.10–2.21)* | 1.17 (0.81–1.71) | 2.2 | 2.13 (1.44–3.13)* | 1.61 (1.06–2.44)* |
| Race | ||||||||||
| White | 91.9 | 4.7 | Reference | Reference | 1.7 | Reference | Reference | 1.7 | Reference | Reference |
| African American | 95.7 | 2.4 | 0.50 (0.33–0.74)* | 0.52 (0.35–0.77)* | 1.6 | 0.80 (0.47–1.36) | 0.76 (0.45–1.30) | 0.4 | 0.23 (0.08–0.62)* | 0.22 (0.08–0.62)* |
| Other | 94.3 | 3.5 | 0.73 (0.52–1.02) | 0.76 (0.53–1.08) | 0.8 | 0.45 (0.25–0.80)* | 0.44 (0.24–0.81)* | 1.4 | 0.82 (0.43–1.58) | 0.85 (0.44–1.63) |
| Parent education level | ||||||||||
| Less than high school | 93.4 | 3.6 | Reference | Reference | 1.9 | Reference | Reference | 1.1 | Reference | Reference |
| High school | 91.3 | 4.4 | 1.26 (0.82–1.95) | 1.09 (0.70–1.68) | 2.1 | 1.13 (0.63–2.05) | 0.93 (0.52–1.68) | 2.2 | 1.94 (0.96–3.94) | 1.68 (0.81–3.45) |
| Some college | 92.3 | 4.3 | 1.21 (0.85–1.73) | 1.01 (0.70–1.47) | 1.7 | 0.89 (0.53–1.48) | 0.70 (0.42–1.17) | 1.7 | 1.56 (0.84–2.90) | 1.37 (0.74–2.51) |
| Bachelor’s degree | 93.4 | 4.6 | 1.30 (0.84–2.00) | 1.01 (0.65–1.57) | 1.0 | 0.50 (0.24–1.05) | 0.38 (0.18–0.79) | 1.0 | 0.92 (0.43–2.00) | 0.71 (0.32–1.59) |
| More than bachelor’s degree | 94.3 | 3.7 | 1.03 (0.63–1.69) | 0.82 (0.50–1.34) | 1.0 | 0.53 (0.23–1.22) | 0.44 (0.19–1.02) | 0.9 | 0.81 (0.32–2.06) | 0.64 (0.25–1.68) |
| Past-year marijuana use | ||||||||||
| No | 93.3 | 4.0 | Reference | Reference | 1.4 | Reference | Reference | 1.3 | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 66.1 | 12.5 | 4.39 (2.48–7.76)* | 1.65 (0.82–3.32) | 10.7 | 10.69 (5.39–21.20)* | 4.18 (1.78–9.84)* | 10.6 | 11.57 (5.96–22.47)* | 4.27 (1.89–9.64)* |
| Past-year alcohol use | ||||||||||
| No | 93.9 | 3.6 | Reference | Reference | 1.3 | Reference | Reference | 1.2 | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 78.0 | 11.9 | 4.00 (2.77–5.77)* | 2.50 (1.62–3.86)* | 5.0 | 4.60 (2.90–7.28)* | 2.13 (1.22–3.72)* | 5.1 | 5.15 (3.13–8.48)* | 2.51 (1.38–4.54)* |
All percentages are weighted to be representative of adolescents ages 12–17 y by using the wave 2 replicate weights. Adjusted models are simultaneously adjusted for all covariates in the analysis.
*
Statistical significance at P < .05.