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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 9.
Published in final edited form as: Nicotine Tob Res. 2008 Jan;10(1):77–85. doi: 10.1080/14622200701704897

Table 1.

Demographics and tobacco use history among smokeless tobacco (ST) users enrolled in a smokeless tobacco reduction study.

Variable Tobacco-free snuff
Control
Mean (SD) % Number of
subjects
Mean (SD) % Number of
subjects
Age, years 33.7 (7.3) 52 31.5 (6.6) 54
Total cotinine, ng/ml urine 10,602 (6,340) 51 10,250 (5,750) 53
Age at daily ST use, years 20.2 (6.1) 52 18.6 (5.1) 54
Age at first ST use, years 17.1 (6.6) 52 15.5 (3.5) 54
Tins/week 4.2 (1.7) 52 4.2 (1.8) 54
Total NNAL, pmol/ml urine 3.0 (2.3) 40 2.6 (1.50) 42
Brand of smokeless
 Copenhagen 28.8 15 35.2 19
 Skoal 19.2 10 14.8 8
 Kodiak 42.3 22 33.3 18
 Red Man 7.7 4 14.8 8

Note. SD, standard deviation.

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