Table 4.
Multivariable analysis of the association between sociodemographic correlates and malnutrition, Ghana
| Variables | Underweight | Overweight | Obesity |
| BMI<18.50 | BMI=25–29.99 | BMI≥30 | |
| Women’s education (in years) | −0.022 (−0.080 to 0.036) | 0.074*** (0.037 to 0.110) | 0.028 (−0.014 to 0.070) |
| Women’s age (in years) | 0.054** (0.005 to 0.103) | 0.0405** (0.008 to 0.073) | 0.083*** (0.048 to 0.118) |
| Household wealth index | |||
| Poorest (reference) | |||
| Poorer | −0.398 (−0.972 to 0.177) | 0.367 (−0.129 to 0.864) | 1.390*** (0.582 to 2.197) |
| Middle | −1.050*** (−1.768 to −0.331) | 0.893* (0.340 to 1.447) | 2.804*** (1.947 to 3.662) |
| Rich | −0.529 (−1.426 to 0.369) | 1.436* (0.878 to 1.995) | 3.591*** (2.615 to 4.568) |
| Richest | −1.788*** (−3.052 to −0.523) | 1.271* (0.555 to 1.988) | 4.121*** (3.125 to 5.117) |
| Woman currently working (yes) | −0.125 (−0.713 to 0.463) | 0.121 (−0.238 to 0.481) | 0.0769 (−0.424 to 0.577) |
| Place of residence (urban) | 0.463* (−0.0488 to 0.975) | 0.113 (−0.250 to 0.477) | −0.073 (−0.582 to 0.435) |
| Sex of household head (female) | 0.409 (−0.276 to 1.093) | 0.0971 (−0.309 to 0.503) | 0.293 (−0.173 to 0.759) |
| Parity | −0.205** (−0.372 to −0.038) | 0.0719 (−0.055 to 0.199) | 0.0324 (−0.118 to 0.183) |
| Household size | 0.021 (−0.045 to 0.086) | −0.047 (−0.121 to 0.027) | 0.035 (−0.077 to 0.147) |
| Frequency of watching TV | |||
| Not at all (reference) | |||
| Less than once a week | −0.043 (−0.604 to 0.518) | 0.231 (−0.240 to 0.703) | 0.673* (0.0003 to 1.345) |
| At least once a week | −0.233 (−0.754 to 0.287) | 0.248 (−0.184 to 0.679) | 0.756** (0.146 to 1.365) |
| Currently breastfeeding (yes) | 0.136 (−0.364 to 0.637) | −0.177 (−0.525 to 0.171) | −0.471** (−0.832 to −0.110) |
| Marital status | |||
| Never in union (reference) | |||
| Married or Cohabiting | −0.536 (−1.843 to 0.772) | −0.259 (−0.904 to 0.386) | 0.295 (−0.860 to 1.451) |
| Formerly in union | 0.271 (−0.837 to 1.378) | 0.420 (−0.286 to 1.126) | 1.435* (0.400 to 2.470) |
| Decision on large household purchases | |||
| Respondent alone (reference) | |||
| Both respondent and partner | 0.464 (−0.555 to 1.483) | −0.0143 (−0.523 to 0.495) | −0.0496 (−0.657 to 0.557) |
| Partner alone | 0.664 (−0.217 to 1.546) | −0.0223 (−0.556 to 0.512) | −0.265 (−0.917 to 0.386) |
| Someone else/other | −1.212 (−3.637 to 1.213) | −0.0290 (−1.485 to 1.426) | 0.752 (−1.161 to 2.665) |
| Decision on respondent’s health | |||
| Respondent alone (reference) | |||
| Both respondent and partner | 0.0525 (−0.868 to 0.973) | 0.785* (0.280 to 1.290) | 0.787* (0.166 to 1.408) |
| Partner alone | 0.119 (−0.643 to 0.881) | 0.526* (−0.0457 to 1.098) | 0.915* (0.156 to 1.675) |
| Someone else/other | −0.714 (−2.832 to 1.403) | −1.544 (−3.520 to 0.433) | −13.43*** (−15.04 to −11.81) |
| Observations | 3012 | 3012 | 3012 |
CI in parentheses.
*P<0.1; **P<0.05; ***P<0.01.
BMI, body mass index.