Table 2.

Emergent themes

During participation	After participation
Leadership concept
Fulfilment of duties  Recognition of individual leadership  Overseeing medical treatment as a specialist  Leveraging the individual leadership concept  Promoting awareness of potential leadership  Constructing the leadership concept  A place to guide change  Self-assessment of leadership  Paradigm shift on leadership	Establishment of individual leadership style  Establishment of servant leadership  Strengthening follower-friendly servant leadership  Contribution of leadership concept to daily practice  Delegation of authority
Teambuilding
Making policy decision as a practical community meta-recognition of past work experience  Promoting understanding of diversity  Strengthening the attitude of shared leadership  Practicing conflict management	Strengthening the awareness of teambuilding
Direction setting
Taking action based on context dependence  Making the medical care environment relative  Recognition of local context  Development of cultural competency  Awareness of target setting and backwards development  Making policy decisions Paying attention to team direction and process  Understanding environment and decision-making	Recognition of individual organisational position  Understanding the environment  Reviewing target setting  Strengthening viewpoint of leader development
Communication
Nurturing global thinking and communication skills  Encouraging reflection of communication skills	Strengthening the awareness of communication
Business skills
Strengthening business and communication skills  Simulation training for disasters  Understanding and reflection of business skills  Paying attention to the power relation	Applying simulation tools  Awareness of business skills  Developing other support activities  Reflecting individual examination style
Working with others
Seeking out new leadership concepts  Establishment of a trust relationship	Empowering other health professions  Developing others and career support  Reflecting individual educational policy  Strengthening cooperation among staff members
Self-development
Developing awareness of a sense of belonging  Strengthening adaptability and self-management  Paradigm shift as a professional  Seeking self-development opportunities  Recognising the necessity of total management	Reconsidering empathic attitude towards patient  Establishing self-management  Motivation for career advancement and self-development  Lifelong learning