Islet morphology and viability during coculture. Bright field images of (A) BI, (B) PI, (C) BD, and (D) PD after 3 days of coculture. Fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide (FDA/PI) stained images of (E) BI, (F) PI, (G) BD, and (H) PD after 3 days of coculture. Bright field images of (I) BI, (J) PI, (K) BD, and (L) PD after 7 days of coculture. FDA/PI stained images of (M) BI, (N) PI, (O) BD, and (P) PD after 7 days of coculture. (Green staining: live cells. Red staining: dead cells.) BI: bare islets. PI: PA-encapsulated islets. BD: bare islets with differentiated U937 cells. PD: PA-encapsulated islets with differentiated U937 cells. (Scale bar: 200 μm.)