Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 9.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Biol. 2018 Jan 12;435(2):97–108. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.01.006

Figure 6. Key transcription factors and signaling molecules controlling cytodifferentiation in the gastric epithelium and small intestinal epithelium.

Figure 6.

A) Illustration contrasts the cellular architecture of proximal (fundic) and distal (antral) glands of the hindstomach and shows key transcription factors and signaling molecules implicated in regulating cytodifferentiation in these regions. WNT signaling is necessary to specify the proximal (fundic) type glands and is absent in the distal (antral) region. Conversely, distal (antral) glands express the transcription factor PDX1 whereas proximal (fundic) glands lack PDX1. Note the parietal cells, chief cells, and neck mucus cells are enriched in proximal (fundic) glands compared with distal (antral) glands. B) Illustration depicts the cellular architecture of the small intestinal villus and crypt and shows key transcription factors and signaling molecules implicated in regulating intestinal cytodifferentiation. Factors are noted as D (duodenum), J (jejunum), and/or I (ileum) to describe their expression pattern. Note that enterocytes are regionalized by differential expression of PDX1 (D) and GATA4 (D, J) and that enteroendocrine cells are regionalized by differential expression of PAX4 (D,J), PAX6 (D,J), and PDX1 (D).