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Cells and Cell-based Products as Drug-Delivery Mechanisms. MSCs are isolated from either bone marrow or adipose tissue, expanded, and [A] injected into the joint to deliver bioactive factors. Cultured MSCs can also be used to isolate the therapeutic exosomes for [B] more controlled and precise delivery of factors. [C] Genetic modification of cultured cells or direct delivery of the vector into the joint can modify cells to provide local and sustained production of therapeutic factors.
