Table 10.
Results from ANOVAs on time (pre, post) × environment (nature, urban) effects on Positive vs. Negative Affect, for study samples with environment as a between-subjects factor.
| A. RESULTS FOR POSITIVE AFFECT | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent Measure: Positive affect | ||||||
| Source | Type III sum of squares | df | Mean square | F | p | |
| Within-subjects contrasts: | ||||||
| Time | 4.236 | 1 | 4.236 | 22.644 | 0.000 | 0.121 |
| Time * Environment | 0.332 | 1 | 0.332 | 1.775 | 0.185 | 0.011 |
| Error(Time) | 30.677 | 164 | 0.187 | |||
| Between-subjects effects: | ||||||
| Intercept | 2486.061 | 1 | 2486.061 | 2040.112 | 0.000 | 0.926 |
| Environment | 0.295 | 1 | 0.295 | 0.242 | 0.623 | 0.001 |
| Error | 199.849 | 164 | 1.219 | |||
| B. RESULTS FOR NEGATIVE AFFECT | ||||||
| Dependent Measure: Negative affect | ||||||
| Within-subjects contrasts: | ||||||
| Time | 1.122 | 1 | 1.122 | 12.115 | 0.001 | 0.069 |
| Time * Environment | 0.295 | 1 | 0.295 | 3.188 | 0.076 | 0.019 |
| Error(Time) | 15.188 | 164 | 0.093 | |||
| Between-subjects effects: | ||||||
| Intercept | 831.778 | 1 | 831.778 | 1083.592 | 0.000 | 0.869 |
| Environment | 0.019 | 1 | 0.019 | 0.025 | 0.876 | 0.000 |
| Error | 125.888 | 164 | 0.768 | |||
These analyses exclude the Video study from UBC (Bourrier et al., 2018), since affect was not measured in this study.