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. 2019 Jul 3;10:1366. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01366

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Copyright © 2019 Nicholes, Williamson, Tranter, Holland, Poniecka, Yallop, The Black & Bloom Group and Anesio.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Bacterial and algal abundance (mean ± SE) across the ablation season (sectioned as Pre: Pre-snowline retreat; early, mid, and late ablation periods) in snow (Sn); Ice cores (C); Surface ice (Su); and surface ice with a low (L), medium (M), and high (H) algal coverage. Numbers above bars represent the n of the sample. Letters above bars represent homogenous groups determined by a one-way ANOVA (abundance ~ algal coverage) and capital letter denote homogenous group determine by a t-test between surface ice with a high algal coverage between mid and late ablation periods.