Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants (N = 24,765).
| Characteristics | Mean (SD) |
|---|---|
| Male (number, %) | 11,811 (47.69) |
| Age (years) | 44.43 (12.41) |
| High-sensitive thyroid stimulating hormone (hsTSH) (mIU/L) | 1.74 (1.08) |
| Free T4 (µU/mL) | 1.06 (0.13) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.77 (3.97) |
| Body fat (%) | 27.55 (7.31) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 78.57 (10.95) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 115.64 (17.80) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 73.86 (11.21) |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 104.69 (23.30) |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.34 (0.78) |
| Fasting Insulin (mIU/L) | 7.94 (6.61) |
| Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (mU/L·mM) | 2.13 (2.29) |
| Homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell (HOMA-β) (mU/L/mM) | 72.44 (51.91) |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 118.23 (105.00) |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 199.06 (36.46) |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) | 58.57 (15.11) |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) | 117.95 (33.55) |
| Triglycerides/High-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio | 2.33 (3.27) |
| High-sensitive C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 1.97 (4.38) |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 289.64 (56.42) |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.68 (1.54) |
| Alcohol consumption (number, %) | 4151 (17.39) |
| Cigarette smoking (number, %) | 4004 (16.75) |
| Physical inactivity (number, %) | 15,538 (65.77) |
| History of diabetes mellitus (number, %) | 1017 (4.11) |
| History of hypertension (number, %) | 2736 (11.07) |
| History of dyslipidemia (number, %) | 769 (3.11) |
| History of cardiovascular diseases (number, %) | 1211 (4.9) |
SD: Standard deviation; alcohol consumption was defined by drinking more than 1 to 2 times a week; physical inactivity was defined by exercising for less than 1 h a week. Cigarette smoking was defined by currently smoking more than 1 to 2 times a week.