Table 8.
Comparison of the static podobarometric data with eyes closed between groups.
| Static Podobarometric Data with Eyes Closed | Barefoot Mean ± SD (95% CI) n = 26 |
Eva Plus Ultralight® Shoes Mean ± SD (95% CI) n = 26 |
Milan-SCL Liso® Shoes Mean ± SD (95% CI) n = 26 |
Gym Step® Mean ± SD (95% CI) n = 26 |
P-Value Barefoot vs. Eva Plus Ultralight® Shoes | P-Value Barefoot vs. Milan-SCL Liso® Shoes | P-Value Barefoot vs. Gym Step® |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left forefoot surface (cm²) | 37.22 ± 12.17 (32.54–41.90) | 53.00 ± 13.30 (47.89–58.11) | 43.08 ± 17.16 (36.48–49.67) | 31.19 ± 18.20 (24.20–38.19) | 0.001 * | 0.006 * | 0.135 |
| Left forefoot force (%) | 15.67 ± 4.26 (14.03–17.30) | 17.94 ± 2.60 (12.16–15.91) | 14.04 ± 4.88 (12.16–15.91) | 9.17 ± 5.62 (7.01–11.33) | 0.013 * | 0.042 * | 0.001 * |
| Left forefoot distribution (%) | 32.42 ± 9.15 (28.91–35.94) | 36.95 ± 5.66 (34.77–39.12) | 28.77 ± 9.67 (25.05–32.49) | 18.85 ± 11.50 (14.43–23.26) | 0.021 * | 0.025 * | 0.001 * |
| Left rearfoot surface (cm²) | 65.21 ± 18.68 (58.02–72.39) | 68.35 ± 11.13 (64.07–72.63) | 76.63 ± 15.22 (70.78–82.48) | 92.41 ± 13.96 (87.04–97.78) | 0.298 | 0.001 * | 0.001 * |
| Left rearfoot force (%) | 32.38 ± 4.81 (30.54–34.23) | 30.81 ± 3.82 (29.34–32.28) | 34.29 ± 4.29 (32.65–35.94) | 39.51 ± 5.64 (37.35–41.68) | 0.128 | 0.022 * | 0.001 * |
| Left rearfoot distribution (%) | 67.63 ± 9.30 (64.05–71.20) | 62.94 ± 5.49 (60.82–65.05) | 71.17 ± 9.49 (67.52–74.81) | 81.04 ± 11.36 (76.67–85.40) | 0.021 * | 0.025 * | 0.001 * |
| Left foot surface (cm2) | 103.53 ± 24.78 (93.00–112.05) | 121.60 ± 21.82 (113.22–129.99) | 119.64 ± 24.27 (110.31–128.97) | 123.65 ± 21.91 (115.23–132.08) | 0.001 * | 0.001 * | 0.001 * |
| Left foot force (%) | 47.79 ± 2.23 (46.94–48.65) | 48.60 ± 2.25 (47.74–49.47) | 48.40 ± 1.99 (47.63–49.16) | 48.68 ± 1.74 (48.01–49.35) | 0.170 | 0.128 | 0.235 |
| Left foot maximum pressure (g/cm2) | 839.72 ± 180.94 (770.17–909.27) | 571.06 ± 120.69 (524.67–617.46) | 718.77 ± 183.06 (648.40–789.14) | 768.92 ± 165.73 (705.22–832.63) | 0.001 * | 0.001 * | 0.048 * |
| Left foot medium pressure (g/cm2) | 346.82 ± 86.55 (313.55–380.09) | 288.87 ± 64.36 (264.13–313.61) | 303.83 ± 67.74 (277.79–329.87) | 339.64 ± 60.44 (316.41–362.87) | 0.001 * | 0.001 * | 0.778 |
| Left foot weight (kg) | 32.42 ± 6.56 (29.90–34.94) | 32.85 ± 6.54 (30.33–35.36) | 32.85 ± 7.16 (30.09–35.60) | 33.17 ± 7.09 (30.44–35.89) | 0.379 | 0.170 | 0.201 |
| Right forefoot surface (cm²) | 36.81 ± 12.58 (31.97–41.64) | 54.19 ± 15.16 (48.36–60–02) | 45.22 ± 18.01 (38.29–52.14) | 29.64 ± 19.24 (22.24–37.04) | 0.001 * | 0.002 * | 0.045 * |
| Right forefoot force (%) | 16.77 ± 5.40 (14.69–18.85) | 19.76 ± 3.17 (18.54–20.98) | 15.87 ± 5.66 (13.70–18.05) | 10.08 ± 6.64 (7.53–12.63) | 0.003 * | 0.231 | 0.001 * |
| Right forefoot distribution (%) | 32.18 ± 10.22 (28.25–36.11) | 38.40 ± 6.27 (35.99–40.81) | 30.88 ± 11.01 (26.65–35.11) | 19.29 ± 12.45 (14.51–24.08) | 0.002 * | 0.388 | 0.001 * |
| Right rearfoot surface (cm²) | 71.65 ± 18.40 (64.58–78.73) | 69.79 ± 12.18 (70.29–82.15) | 76.22 ± 15.42 (70.29–82.15) | 95.24 ± 15.53 (89.27–101.21) | 0.861 | 0.063 | 0.001 * |
| Right rearfoot force (%) | 35.41 ± 5.85 (33.16–37.66) | 31.72 ± 3.42 (30.40–33.03) | 35.81 ± 6.29 (33.39–38.23) | 41.40 ± 6.39 (38.94–43.85) | 0.007 * | 0.786 | 0.001 * |
| Right rearfoot distribution (%) | 67.55 ± 9.64 (63.85–71.26) | 61.71 ± 6.73 (59.12–64.29) | 69.08 ± 10.92 (64.88–73.27) | 80.45 ± 12.38 (75.69–85.21) | 0.002 * | 0.374 | 0.001 * |
| Right foot surface (cm2) | 108.26 ± 26.05 (98.24–118.27) | 124.46 ± 24.41 (115.08–133.85) | 121.32 ± 25.24 (111.62–131.02) | 124.85 ± 23.41 (115.85–133.84) | 0.001 * | 0.001 * | 0.003 * |
| Right foot force (%) | 52.18 ± 2.24 (51.32–53.04) | 51.40 ± 2.24 (50.54–52.26) | 51.55 ± 2.01 (50.78–52.33) | 51.32 ± 1.77 (50.64–52.00) | 0.198 | 0.128 | 0.258 |
| Right foot maximum pressure (g/cm2) | 824.73 ± 160.00 (763.23–886.23) | 619.82 ± 154.77 (560.33–679.31) | 758.78 ± 213.68 (676.65–840.92) | 769.19 ± 195.24 (694.14–844.24) | 0.001 * | 0.008 * | 0.096 |
| Right foot medium pressure (g/cm2) | 358.21 ± 88.87 (324.05–392.37) | 302.26 ± 70.26 (275.25–329.26) | 321.94 ± 77.33 (292.21–351.66) | 351.65 ± 63.74 (327.15–376.16) | 0.001 * | 0.001 * | 0.509 |
| Right foot weight (kg) | 35.38 ± 7.99 (32.31–38.45) | 34.99 ± 8.03 (31.90–38.07) | 34.92 ± 7.33 (32.11–37.74) | 34.88 ± 7.28 (32.09–37.68) | 0.449 | 0.144 | 0.512 |
Abbreviations: 95% CI, lower and upper limits of the 95% confidence interval; SD, standard deviation. * Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval.