Table 3.
Circulating biomarkers.
| Oxidative Stress | Model a | Control (n = 29) | MVP (n = 45) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GSSG/GSH | 1 | 0.05 (0.02, 0.07) | 0.11 (0.09, 0.13) | <0.0001 |
| 2 | 0.04 (0.02, 0.07) | 0.11 (0.09, 0.13) | <0.0001 | |
| 3 | 0.04 (0.01, 0.07) | 0.12 (0.09, 0.14) | 0.001 | |
| α-tocopherol | 1 | 13.87 (12.91, 14.84) | 12.35 (11.58, 13.12) | 0.017 |
| 2 | 13.8 (12.8, 14.8) | 12.4 (11.6, 13.19) | 0.048 | |
| 3 | 13.59 (12.55, 14.64) | 12.53 (11.71, 13.35) | 0.056 | |
| L-ornithine | 1 | 56.84 (49.16, 64.51) | 68.51 (62.35, 74.67) | 0.021 |
| 2 | 57.26 (49.29, 65.23) | 68.24 (61.91, 74.57) | 0.064 | |
| 3 | 57.42 (48.98, 65.87) | 68.13 (61.54, 74.72) | 0.141 | |
| Endothelial function | Model a | Control (n = 29) | MVP (n = 45) | p-Value |
| Osteoprotegerin | 1 | 1109.3 (912.0, 1306.5) | 1733.6 (1575.2, 1891.9) | <0.0001 |
| 2 | 1111.34 (906.1, 1316.58) | 1732.26 (1569.36, 1895.17) | <0.0001 | |
| 3 | 1143.97 (928.08, 1359.86) | 1711.24 (1542.68, 1879.8) | <0.0001 | |
| GABR | 1 | 0.99 (0.89, 1.09) | 0.83 (0.75, 0.91) | 0.020 |
| 2 | 0.98 (0.88, 1.09) | 0.83 (0.75, 0.92) | 0.068 | |
| 3 | 1 (0.89, 1.1) | 0.83 (0.74, 0.91) | 0.126 | |
| γ-tocopherol | 1 | 0.64 (0.57, 0.71) | 0.4 (0.34, 0.46) | <0.0001 |
| 2 | 0.64 (0.56, 0.71) | 0.4 (0.34, 0.46) | <0.0001 | |
| 3 | 0.63 (0.55, 0.72) | 0.4 (0.34, 0.46) | <0.0001 | |
| ADMA | 1 | 0.44 (0.41, 0.48) | 0.51 (0.48, 0.54) | 0.006 |
| 2 | 0.45 (0.41, 0.49) | 0.5 (0.48, 0.53) | 0.009 | |
| 3 | 0.47 (0.43, 0.5) | 0.49 (0.47, 0.52) | 0.001 | |
| SDMA | 1 | 0.42 (0.38, 0.46) | 0.49 (0.45, 0.52) | 0.016 |
| 2 | 0.41 (0.37, 0.45) | 0.49 (0.46, 0.53) | 0.011 | |
| 3 | 0.47 (0.43, 0.5) | 0.49 (0.47, 0.52) | 0.009 |
Continuous variables are represented as mean and 95% confidence interval. a Model 1 = unadjusted; Model 2 = adjusted for body mass index; and Model 3 = adjusted for body mass index and treatment with anti-hypertensive drugs.