Table 2.
Bone metabolism markers were reported in three of the included studies. No differences were observed before and after long-term pharmacotherapy for transmen or transwomen.
| Author and Year of Publication | Sample | Bone Metabolism Markers | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M to F | F to M | Calcium (mmol/L) or (mg/dL) | Phosphate (mmol/L) | Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | Osteocalcin (µg/L) or (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Before or Controls | After or Tests | Before or Controls | After or Tests | Before or Controls | After or Tests | Before or Controls | After or Tests | ||||
| Schlatterer K et al. 1998 [37] | 10 | 10 | M to F | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated |
| F to M | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | |||||
| Sosa M et al. 2003 [38] | 53 | - | M to F | 9.4 ± 0.520 mg/dL | 9.156 ± 0.564 mg/dL | 3.348 ± 0.457 mg/dL | 3.16 ± 0.619 (mg/dL) | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated |
| Ruetsche AG et al. 2005 [39] | 24 | 15 | M to F | 2.10–2.55 mmol/L | 2.33 ± 0.08 (2.18–2.53) mmol/L | 0.74–1.55 mmol/L | 1.15 ± 0.12 (0.76–1.49) (mmol/L) | 36–108 (μkat/L) | 63 ± 15 (32–159) (μkat/L) | 2.3–13.8 (ng/mL) | 5.0 ± 1.0 (2.3–9.1) (ng/mL) |
| F to M | 2.10–2.55 mmol/L | 2.38 ± 0.02 (2.32–2.52) mmol/L | 0.74–1.55 mmol/L | 1.05 ± 0.08 (0.69–1.23) (mmol/L) | 36–120 (μkat/L) | 6.3 ± 1.5 (3.4–11.4) (μkat/L) | 1.2–10.5 (ng/mL) | 6.3 ± 1.5 (3.4–11.4) (ng/mL) | |||
| Lapauw B et al. 2008 [40] | 23 | - | M to F | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated |
| T’Sjoen G et al. 2009 [41] | 50 | M to F | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | |
| Van Caenegem, et al. 2012 [42] | - | 66 | F to M | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated |
| Wierckx K et al. 2012 [43] | 50 | 50 | T to F | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated |
| F to M | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | |||
| Wiepjes C et al. 2018 [44] | 711 | 543 | M to F | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated |
| F to M | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | |||
| Broulik PD et al. 2018 [45] | - | 35 | F to M | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Not evaluated | Female controls 1.51 ± 0.10 (μkat/L) | 1.48 ± 0.12 (μkat/L) | Female controls 24.05 ± 6.8 (µg/L) | 22.04 ± 7.92 (µg/L) |
| Male controls 1.39 ± 0.14 (μkat/L) | Male controls 23.5 ± 8.0 (µg/L) | ||||||||||
M to F: A reduction of calcium of −0.244 (mg/dL), and reduction of phosphate of −0.188 (mg/dL) in the patients receiving hormone therapy compared to controls was observed by Sosa et al. 2003 [38]. No differences in calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, or osteocalcin in the patients receiving hormone therapy compared to controls by Ruetsche et al. 2005 [39]. F to M: No differences in calcium or phosphate were observed. Reduction in alkaline phosphatase from 36–120 (Ukat/L) in controls compared to 6.3 ± 1.5 (3.4–11.4) in tests. No changes in osteocalcin in the patients receiving hormone therapy compared to controls [39]. No changes were found in alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in patients receiving hormone therapy compared to male and female controls [45].