Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of all participants.
| Psychotic PBD Mean (SD) |
Non-psychotic PBD Mean (SD) |
Healthy controls Mean (SD) |
t/F/χ 2 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 15.28 (1.57) | 14.7 (2.10) | 14.11 (1.61) | 2.277 | 0.111 |
| Gender (male/female) | 11/14 | 12/11 | 7/11 | 0.753 | 0.686 |
| Education (years) | 8.16 (1.43) | 7.96 (2.23) | 7.39 (2.25) | 0.829 | 0.441 |
| IQ | 100.56 (14.9) | 103.78 (12.77) | 106.28 (6.40) | 1.155 | 0.322 |
| Illness duration (months) | 16.20 (11.89) | 14.96 (13.01) | 0.346 | 0.731 | |
| Onset age (years) | 13.96 (1.46) | 13.39 (1.92) | 1.16 | 0.252 | |
| Episode times (years) | 3.40 (1.53) | 3.17 (2.42) | 0.390 | 0.698 | |
| BD-I/BD-II | 14/11 | 15/8 | 0.426 | 0.514 | |
| YMRS | 16.16 (14.47)a | 15.96 (14.79)a | 3.67 (2.11) | 6.394 | 0.003 |
| MFQ | 16.56 (14.36)a | 13.30 (11.60)b | 6.11 (3.43) | 4.510 | 0.015 |
| PSQI | 5.48 (3.66) | 7.26 (4.07)a | 4.00 (2.45) | 4.364 | 0.017 |
| BSIS | 3.20 (4.95) | 2.87 (3.46) | 1.22 (2.16) | 1.513 | 0.228 |
| PBD-manic | 7 (28.0%) | 7 (34.6%) | |||
| PBD-depression | 8 (32.0%) | 7 (30.8%) | |||
| PBD-remitted | 10 (40.0%) | 9 (34.6%) | 0.036 | 0.982 | |
| Family history (yes/no) | 4/21 | 7/16 | 1.413 | 0.235 | |
| Medication, n (%) | 4 (16.0%) | 9 (39.1%) | 3.245 | 0.072 |
PBD, pediatric bipolar disorder; IQ, intelligence quotient; YMRS, Young Mania Rating Scale; MFQ, Mood and Feelings Questionnaire; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; BSIS, Beck Suicide Ideation Scale.
aP < 0.01 compared to healthy controls.
bP < 0.05 compared to healthy controls.