Figure 1.

Schematic flow of antibiotic resistance-carrying bacteria (ARBs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from hotspots of evolution and transmission (red circles) to the environment (green circle). Blue circles indicate possible vectors that may aid transmission between specific environments including air, surface waters, humans, and other animal vectors. Black arrows indicate known flows of ARBs and ARGs, grey arrow indicates a possible transmission route from a contaminated environment back to the general populace.