Table 2.

Summary of included studies using contingent electrical stimulation.

Authors	Type of Intervention	Electrode Placement	Sample Size	BFB Group Sample	Diagnose	Diagnose Criteria	Outcomes	Tools Used to Measure Outcomes	Nr of Sessions/Time of Active Treatment
1.Conti et al. (2014) [15]	CES vs. CO	Temporalis	N = 15 (12 f, 3 m)	N = 7 (5 f, 2 m)	Myofascial pain, SB	RDC/TMD AASM	Significant reduction EMG events per hour of sleep, no changes in present pain intensity and pressure pain threshold	VAS, algometry, EMG analysis	At least 10 days
2.Raphael et al. (2013) [21]	CES	Temporalis	N = 14 (14 f)	N = 14 (14 f)	Myofascial pain, SB	RDC/TMD PSG	Significant reduction of EMG activity during treatment, with return to base line in follow-up. No changes in self-reported night pain Significant reduction of perceived pain after palpation and spontaneous, also in follow-up	EMG analysis (EMG events per min. of sleep), NRS, RDC/TMD	Each night for 6 weeks
3.Jadidi et al. (2008) [23]	CES	Temporalis	N = 14 (8 f, 6 m)	N = 14 (8 f, 6 m)	SB	AASM	Significant reduction of EMG events/hour of sleep in active CES phase of the study and in inactive phase of the study No changes in perceived pain	EMG analysis (number of EMG events/h of sleep), RDC/TMD	5–7 nights a week for 6 weeks (3 weeks with a 2-week break and another 3 weeks)
4.Sumiya et al. (2014) [25]	CES	Masseter	N = 10 (4 f, 6 m)	N = 10 (4 f, 6 m)	SB	EMG monitoring by night	Significant decrease of EMG events/h of sleep and events/night, Significant decrease of number of burst and duration of SB	EMG analysis (events/h of sleep and events/night, number of burst of SB event, duration of SB events)	2 consecutive nights

CES: contingent electrical stimulation; CO: control group; VAS: visual analog scale; EMG: electromyography; f: female; m: male; SB: sleep bruxism; RDC/TMD: Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders; AASM: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; PSG: polysomnography; NRS: numeral rating scale.