Table 3.
Correlation between carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity and clinical variables among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
| Variables | Carotid–femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (m/s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simple Linear Regression | Multivariable Linear Regression |
||||
| r | p Value | Beta | Adjusted R2 Change | p Value | |
| Female | 0.043 | 0.615 | - | - | - |
| Hypertension | 0.151 | 0.075 | - | - | - |
| Log-Age (years) | 0.230 | 0.006 * | 0.220 | 0.040 | 0.005 * |
| Height (cm) | −0.070 | 0.412 | - | - | - |
| Body weight (kg) | 0.067 | 0.433 | - | - | - |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 0.218 | 0.010 * | - | - | - |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 0.139 | 0.101 | - | - | - |
| Body fat mass (%) | 0.236 | 0.005 * | - | - | - |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 0.339 | <0.001 * | 0.254 | 0.109 | 0.002 * |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 0.276 | 0.001 * | - | - | - |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | −0.029 | 0.733 | - | - | - |
| Log-Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 0.249 | 0.003 * | - | - | - |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | −0.124 | 0.145 | - | - | - |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | −0.083 | 0.327 | - | - | - |
| Log-Glucose (mg/dL) | 0.084 | 0.322 | - | - | - |
| Log-Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 0.071 | 0.402 | - | - | - |
| Log-BUN (mg/dL) | 0.126 | 0.139 | - | - | - |
| Log-Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.204 | 0.016 * | - | - | - |
| eGFR (mL/min) | −0.263 | 0.002 * | - | - | - |
| Log-UACR (mg/g) | 0.186 | 0.028 * | - | - | - |
| Total calcium (mg/dL) | −0.085 | 0.322 | - | - | - |
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 0.026 | 0.763 | - | - | - |
| Log-Insulin (uIU/mL) | 0.212 | 0.012 * | - | - | - |
| Log-HOMA-IR | 0.217 | 0.010 * | - | - | - |
| Log-Adiponectin (μg/mL) | −0.296 | <0.001 * | −0.283 | 0.054 | <0.001 * |
Data on age, triglycerides, glucose, HbA1c, BUN, creatinine, UACR, insulin, HOMA-IR and adiponectin levels showed skewed distributions and were log-transformed before the analyses. Analysis of data was done using simple linear regression or multivariable stepwise linear regression analyses (adapted factors included log-age, waist circumference, body fat mass, SBP, DBP, log-Triglyceride, eGFR, log-UACR, log-insulin, log-HOMA-IR, and log-adiponectin). HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. * p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.