Table 4.

Summary of the overall weight-of-evidence determinations for each health outcome.

Health Outcome Categories	Total Number of Studies	Health Outcomes	Reference	Number of Studies Per Certainty Rating						Weight of Evidence
				Positive Association			Null Association
				High	Moderate	Low	Low	Moderate	High
Birth defects	2	Congenital heart defects	McKenzie [32]			1				Insufficient
		Oral clefts	McKenzie [32]				1			Insufficient
		Neural tube defects	McKenzie [32]			1				Insufficient
		Birth defects prevalence	Ma [33]				1			Insufficient
Birth outcomes	8	Decreased term birth weight or low birth weight	Casey [35]; Currie [36]; Hill [37]; McKenzie [32]; Stacy [38]; Whitworth [39]		2	1	2	1		Mixed
		Early infant mortality	Busby [34]			1				Insufficient
		Fetal death	Whitworth [39]				1			Insufficient
		Gestation period	Hill [37]					1		Insufficient
		Low infant health index	Currie [36]			1				Insufficient
		Low APGAR score a	Casey [35]; Hill [37]		1			1		Mixed
		Preterm/premature birth	Casey [35]; Hill [37]; McKenzie [32]; Stacy [38]; Whitworth [39,40]		1	3	1	1		Mixed
		Small for gestational age	Casey [35]; Hill [37]; Stacy [38]; Whitworth [39]		2		1	1		Mixed
Cancer	3	Cancer incidence (childhood)	Fryzek [47]				1			Insufficient
		Leukemia (childhood non-specific and acute lymphocytic leukemia)	Fryzek [47]; McKenzie [48]			1	1			Mixed
		Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (childhood)	McKenzie [48]				1			Insufficient
		CNS tumorsb(child)	Fryzek [47]			1				Insufficient
		Urinary bladder	Finkel [46]			1				Insufficient
		Thyroid	Finkel [46]				1			Insufficient
		Leukemia	Finkel [46]				1			Insufficient
Cardiovascular	3	Hospitalizations	Jemielita [53]; Peng [54]			1	1			Mixed
		Self-reported symptoms	Rabinowitz [55]				1			Insufficient
Dermal	2	Self-reported symptoms	Elliott [52]; Rabinowitz [55]			1	1			Mixed
Gastrointestinal	2	Self-reported symptoms	Elliott [52]; Rabinowitz [55]				2			Limited- failing to show an association
Neurological	4	Hospitalizations	Jemielita [53]			1				Insufficient
		Self-reported symptoms	Elliott [52]; Rabinowitz [55]; Tustin [57]				3			Limited- failing to show an association
Psychological	2	Self-reported symptoms	Casey [36]; Tustin [57]			1	1			Mixed
		Diagnosed sleep disturbances	Casey [36]			1				Insufficient
Respiratory	6	Self-reported symptoms	Elliott [52]; Rabinowitz [55]; Tustin [57]			1	2			Mixed
		Hospitalizations	Jemielita [53]; Peng [54]			1	1			Mixed
		Asthma exacerbation	Rasmussen [56]		1					Limited
Other	2	Self-reported symptoms (multiple)	Elliott [52]; Tustin [57]			2				Limited
		Hospitalizations (all)	Jemielita [53]				1			Insufficient

^a APGAR score: Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration score. ^b CNS: Central Nervous System.