Table 3.
Postoperative pain score, opioid requirement, ketorolac-related complications, patient satisfaction score, and hospitalization duration in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
| Variables | Control Group (n = 65) | Ketorolac Group (n = 65) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Postoperative pain score | |||
| Postoperative hour 0 | 5.4 ± 1.1 | 4.8 ± 1.5 | 0.012 * |
| Postoperative hour 1 | 3.0 ± 1.3 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 0.007 * |
| Postoperative hour 2 | 4.5 ± 1.5 | 4.4 ± 1.5 | 0.766 |
| Postoperative hour 6 | 2.9 ± 1.0 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 0.132 |
| Opioid requirement during 24 h after surgery (μg) | 125.0 (87.5–175.0) | 100 (75.0–125.0) | <0.001 |
| Ketorolac-related complications | |||
| Acute kidney injury | 2 (3.7) | 1 (2.2) | >0.999 |
| Hemoglobin changes (mg/dL) | −1.7 ± 1.2 | −2.0 ± 1.1 | 0.148 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 |
| Desaturation events | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | >0.999 |
| Patient satisfaction score | 4.0 (4.0–4.0) | 5.0 (4.0–6.0) | <0.001 |
| Hospitalization duration (days) | 7.0 (5.0–7.0) | 7.0 (5.0–7.0) | 0.722 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range), or number (%) as appropriate. Hemoglobin change is calculated by subtracting preoperative hemoglobin levels from hemoglobin levels at postoperative day 1. Desaturation events are defined as events of saturation below 90% confirmed in the post-anesthesia care unit or in the general ward until postoperative day 1. Postoperative hour 0 = upon admission to the postanesthetic care unit. * p < 0.0125 (Bonferroni-corrected significance level).