Table 3.
Correlation between change in oral candidiasis signs during the cycle and the change in clinical and microbiome characteristics measured longitudinally. All 45 subjects were included in these analyses.
| Significance Test vs. Zero (p Value) | Clinical Oral Candidiasis (Q) |
Clinical Oral Candidiasis (L) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical oral candidiasis(Q) | 0.004 | - | −0.380(0.008) |
| Clinical oral candidiasis (L) | 0.057 | −0.380(0.007) | - |
| Oral mucositis (Q) | <0.001 | 0.094(0.876) | 0.177(0.233) |
| Oral mucositis (L) | <0.001 | −0.389(0.008) | 0.115(0.432) |
| Salivary flow rate (Q) | 0.742 | −0.278(0.058) | 0.401(0.005) |
| Salivary flow rate (L) | 0.002 | −0.081(0.587) | −0.174(0.238) |
| Oral neutrophil count (Q) | 0.398 | −0.060(0.668) | 0.057(0.703) |
| Oral neutrophil count (L) | 0.623 | −0.269(0.068) | −0.127(0.396) |
| Peripheral neutrophil count (Q) | <0.001 | −0.483(0.001) | 0.522(<0.001) |
| Peripheral neutrophil count (L) | 0.360 | −0.311(0.033) | 0.521(<0.001) |
| C. albicans killing by peripheral neutrophils (L) ^ | 0.200 | −0.614(0.015) | 0.336(0.220) |
| Plaque Index (Q) | 0.767 | −0.148(0.331) | 0.124(0.418) |
| Plaque Index (L) | 0.940 | −0.058(0.703) | −0.166(0.274) |
| Salivary bacterial load (Q) | 0.492 | 0.075(0.647) | −0.215(0.182) |
| Salivary bacterial load (L) | 0.031 | −0.035(0.825) | 0.031(0.842) |
| Salivary Candida load (Q) | 0.013 | 0.335(0.034) | −0.436(0.005) |
| Salivary Candida load (L) | 0.405 | 0.297(0.053) | −0.038(0.808) |
| Salivary bacterial diversity (Q) | 0.051 | −0.193(0.220) | 0.100(0.527) |
| Salivary bacterial diversity (L) | 0.009 | −0.175(0.250) | −0.067(0.656) |
| Salivary fungal diversity (Q) | 0.514 | 0.190(0.282) | 0.109(0.539) |
| Salivary fungal diversity (L) | 0.435 | −0.285(0.064) | −0.097(0.529) |
| Antibiotics (any) (Q) | 0.183 | 0.104(0.498) | −0.084(0.584) |
| Antibiotics (any) (L) | 0.026 | −0.013(0.935) | 0.167(0.273) |
| Multi-dose antibiotic (Q) | 0.533 | 0.163(0.283) | −0.265(0.079) |
| Multi-dose antibiotic (L) | 0.004 | 0.071(0.641) | 0.094(0.539) |
| Single-dose antibiotic (Q) | 0.019 | −0.038(0.806) | 0.074(0.627) |
| Single-dose antibiotic (L) | 0.710 | −0.003(0.985) | 0.056(0.717) |
| Steroids (Q) | <0.001 | −0.252(0.095) | 0.101(0.510) |
| Steroids (L) | <0.001 | −0.118(0.439) | −0.047(0.761) |
| Acid Inhibitors (Q) | 0.001 | 0.201(0.186) | −0.220(0.147) |
| Acid inhibitors (L) | 0.685 | 0.051(0.741) | 0.130(0.395) |
As described in the Methods section, the longitudinal analysis of oral candidiasis development and the change in other variables measured at more than one time-point were evaluated using linear (L) or quadratic (Q) orthogonal polynomial contrasts. Data from each variable were transformed using either linear or quadratic four-level coefficients, and was aggregated by subject. For quadratic change, a positive value refers to a “U”-shaped curve (i.e., high to low to high) and negative indicates an “inverted-U”-shaped curve (i.e., low to high to low). For linear change, a positive indicates an upward change, while a negative value indicates a downward linear change from baseline. Values from each variable were evaluated to establish if the change differed from zero, via a t-test and were tested for their correlation with other variables, to evaluate significant covariation patterns. Data shown in the two columns on the right are the correlation coefficients (Spearman); p values are shown in parentheses. Significance thresholds for each outcome variable (in columns) were adjusted for multiple comparisons, via the FDR method. Values in red indicate correlations that were significant after FDR adjustment. Values in yellow indicate correlations with a p value < 0.05 but not significant after FDR adjustment. ^ C. albicans killing by peripheral neutrophils was only evaluated in a linear manner, as the data only included two time-points (baseline and V4).