Table 1.
Demographic features, underlying diseases, comorbidities, and clinical presentations of 412 patients with infective endocarditis.
| Baseline Characteristics | DM (72) | Without DM (340) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 55.9 ± 11.7 | 44.2 ± 17.1 | 0.001 |
| Male | 75% (54) | 79.4% (270) | 0.407 |
| Comorbidity | |||
| CHD | 6.9% (5) | 15.3% (52) | 0.06 |
| CKD | 26.4% (19) | 8.8% (30) | 0.001 |
| HTN | 51.4% (37) | 23.3 (79) | 0.001 |
| LC | 10.4% (5) | 4% (10) | 0.099 |
| Malignancy | 4.2% (3) | 2.4% (8) | 0.386 |
| Rheumatic heart disease | 11.1% (8) | 17.9% (61) | 0.159 |
| Prosthetic valve | 4.2% (3) | 13% (44) | 0.033 |
| Previous endocarditis | 11.1% (8) | 5.9% (20) | 0.109 |
| ACCI score | 3.24 | 2.13 | 0.002 |
| IV drug user | 8.3% (6) | 28.5% (97) | 0.001 |
| Diabetic status | |||
| Oral DM | 84.7% (61) | 0% | 0.001 |
| Insulin DM | 15.3% (11) | 0% | 0.001 |
| Dyspnea | 18% (13) | 16.2% (55) | 0.696 |
| Neurological symptoms | 16.7% (12) | 13.5% (46) | 0.687 |
| Constitutional symptoms | 18.1% (13) | 7.6% (26) | 0.006 |
| Time from admission to the diagnosis of IE (hours) | 89 (64–127) | 56 (32–89) | 0.032 |
CHD, congenital heart disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; IV, intravenous; IE, infective endocarditis; LC, liver cirrhosis.