Table 3.

The effects of tea against CVDs based on clinical studies.

Subjects	Substances	Treatments	Effects and Mechanisms	Ref.
155 healthy participants	A green tea containing O-methylated catechin	12 g/d for 12 weeks	LDL-C↓, LAB↓	[85]
151 participants aged 30–70 y	Green tea	1.8 g/d for 12 weeks	LDL-C↓	[86]
15 participants aged 18–35 y and 15 participants aged 55–75 y	Green tea	2 cups/d for 14 days	Improving SBP and skin microvascular function	[89]
20 women aged 32.7–49.5 y	Green tea extract	500 mg for 4 weeks	SBP↓	[90]
50 healthy men	Green tea	A single dose of 200 mg EGCG	Improving flow-mediated dilation	[94]
14 healthy individuals	Green tea polyphenol-enriched ice cream	A single dose of 100 g	Oxidative stress↓,Vascular function↑	[95]
79 hypertension patients aged 20–55 y	Flavonoids from green tea	425.8 ± 13.9 mg epicatechin equivalents for 6 months	SBP ↓, DBP↓	[91]
60 individuals with mild hypercholesterolemia	Catechin-enriched green or oolong tea	780.6 mg/d or 640.4 mg/d catechin for 12 weeks	TC↓, LDL-C↓, TG↓	[87]
1075 healthy postmenopausal women	Catechins	1315 mg for 1 year	TC↓, LDL-C↓, non-HDL-C levels↓	[26]
99 participants aged 25–60 y with mild hypercholesterolemia	Phytosterol-enriched instant black tea	2.5 g/d for 4 weeks	Blood lipids↓	[88]
19 hypertensive patients	Black tea	129 mg/d flavonoids for 8 days	SBP↓	[92]
19 hypertension patients	Black tea	150 mg polyphenols for 8 days	Endothelial function↑	[93]
37 (Pre)hypertensive participants aged 40–80 y	Epicatechin or quercetin-3-glucoside	100 mg/d or 160 mg/d, respectively, for 4 weeks	Inflammation↓,Endothelial function ↑	[96]

Up arrows mean increase, down arrows mean decrease; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LAB, apolipoprotein B; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.