Table 3.

General linear mixed model parameter estimates for cognitive abilities.

	Information			Similarities			Picture Completion			Digit Symbol Score
	Estimate	SE	p-value	Estimate	SE	p-value	Estimate	SE	p-value	Estimate	SE	p-value
Fix efffects
Intercept	15.158	0.097	<0.001	13.846	0.091	<0.001	11.376	0.062	<0.001	53.280	0.208	<0.001
Openness (at baseline)	0.260	0.021	<0.001	0.216	0.019	<0.001	0.112	0.013	<0.001	0.140	0.046	0.002
Age (at baseline)	0.007	0.011	0.533	–0.108	0.010	<0.001	–0.111	0.007	<0.001	–0.874	0.024	<0.001
Time (follow–up years)	0.030	0.007	<0.001	0.052	0.008	<0.001	0.103	0.006	<0.001	–0.351	0.016	<0.001
Openness × Time	0.003	0.001	0.054	0.002	0.001	0.134	0.000	0.001	0.939	0.008	0.007	0.074
Age × Time	–0.011	0.001	<0.001	–0.006	0.001	<0.001	–0.003	0.000	<0.001	–0.027	0.001	<0.001
Openness × Age × Time	0.0003	0.0001	0.022	0.0004	0.0001	0.009	0.0003	0.0002	0.059	0.0006	0.0003	0.053
Edcation level	0.896	0.040	<0.001	0.725	0.035	<0.001	0.197	0.023	<0.001	1.334	0.086	<0.001
Sex	–2.028	0.212	<0.001	–0.541	0.185	0.004	–0.953	0.122	<0.001	1.683	0.457	0.000
Current smoking	–0.854	0.244	0.001	–0.797	0.213	0.000	–0.332	0.141	0.018	–2.238	0.527	<0.001
Stroke	–0.666	0.536	0.214	–0.702	0.475	0.140	–0.177	0.316	0.577	–3.079	1.154	0.008
Hypertension	–0.176	0.222	0.428	–0.109	0.194	0.575	–0.162	0.129	0.208	–0.566	0.479	0.237
Heart disease	0.238	0.420	0.570	0.113	0.371	0.761	–0.081	0.246	0.743	0.533	0.904	0.555
Diabetes	–0.090	0.343	0.793	–0.264	0.302	0.383	–0.223	0.200	0.266	–1.855	0.742	0.012
Marital status	–0.003	0.288	0.992	0.046	0.253	0.856	0.270	0.167	0.106	0.941	0.621	0.129
Occupation	–0.344	0.226	0.128	0.083	0.197	0.674	–0.085	0.130	0.513	0.240	0.487	0.623
Practice effect	0.216	0.061	<0.001	–0.026	0.075	0.726	0.398	0.054	<0.001	1.908	0.124	<0.001
Random efffects
Variance of intercept	17.066	0.574	<0.001	12.819	0.483	<0.001	5.663	0.221	<0.001	80.848	2.690	<0.001
Variance of slope	0.024	0.002	<0.001	0.013	0.003	<0.001	0.008	0.001	<0.001	0.122	0.010	<0.001
Covariance intercept and slope	0.014	0.026	0.585	–0.065	0.028	0.018	–0.053	0.014	<0.001	–0.152	0.123	0.216
Residual	3.599	0.059	<0.001	5.664	0.093	<0.001	2.888	0.048	<0.001	14.861	0.247	<0.001

Higher scores indicate better performance. Possible score for the Information is 0–29; Similarities 0–28; Picture Completion 0–21; Digit Symbol 0–93. The baseline age, openness and all covariates were centered at the sample mean.