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. 2019 Jun 6;7(6):167. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7060167

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Immunoregulatory properties of Lactobacillus salivarius isolates. Porcine Intestinal Epithelial (PIE) cells were pre-stimulated with each isolate for 48 h followed by Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) challenge for 12 h, and then quantification of IL-6 mRNA expression by qRT-PCR was done. The Y-axis represents the relative index of IL-6 expression, and X-axis represents the individual isolates of L. salivarius indicated by the chronological numbers (FFIG9-FFIG136). MPL16 and TL2937, two known Lactobacillus strains, were used as positive controls. Results displayed in the bar graphs represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments performed in triplicates. Statistical differences between ETEC-challenged control PIE cells and bacterial prestimulated PIE cells followed by ETEC challenge are indicated with asterisks (*) p < 0.05 and (**) p < 0.01.