Table 1.

The Clavien-Dindo classification system for medical and surgical complications.

Grade	Description	Number of patients (%)
Grade 1	Any deviation from the normal post-operative course not requiring surgical, endoscopic, or radiological intervention. Allowed therapeutic regimens are: drugs as anti-emetics, antipyretics, analgesics, diuretics, electrolytes, and physiotherapy. This grade also includes wound infections opened at the bedside	39 (46.4)
Grade 2	Requiring pharmacological treatment with drugs other than such allowed for Grade I complications. Blood transfusions and total parenteral nutrition are also included	12 (14.2)
Grade 3	Complications requiring surgical, endoscopic, or radiological intervention. They are distinguished into: Grade 3a—intervention not under general anesthetic Grade 3b—intervention under general anesthetic	24 (28.5)
Grade 4	Life-threatening complications. This includes central nervous system complications which require intensive care. They are distinguished into: Grade 4a–single-organ dysfunction (including dialysis) Grade 4b–multi-organ dysfunction	5 (5.9)
Grade 5	Death	4 (4.7)