Table 1.
Patients’ clinical characteristics and outcomes.
| Variable | Lymphocytopenic Patients n = 141 | Non-Lymphocytopenic Patients n = 332 | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 68 (58; 76) | 66 (54; 74) | 0.13 |
| Sex, male/female, n | 99/42 | 226/109 | 0.65 |
| Previous corticosteroid use | 26 (20) | 30 (10) | 0.003 |
| SAPS score at ICU admission | 40 (29; 50) | 38 (29; 48) | 0.49 |
| SOFA score at ICU admission | 7 (5; 10) | 7 (5; 10) | 0.88 |
| Lymphocyte counts at ICU admission, cells/mm3 | 533 (352; 844) | 1005 (659; 1382) | <0.001 |
| Co-morbidities | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 40 (28) | 72 (22) | 0.12 |
| Chronic renal failure | 19 (13) | 26 (8) | 0.056 |
| Solid cancer | 27 (19) | 56 (17) | 0.55 |
| Chronic heart disorders | 50 (35) | 111 (33) | 0.67 |
| Chronic lung disease | 56 (40) | 98 (30) | 0.030 |
| COPD | 38 (27) | 64 (19) | 0.063 |
| Chronic liver disease | 39 (28) | 51 (15) | 0.002 |
| Main causes of ICU admission: | |||
| Post-operative | 20 (14) | 78 (23) | 0.022 |
| Decreased consciousness | 17 (12) | 40 (12) | >0.99 |
| Hypoxemic respiratory failure | 29 (21) | 53 (16) | 0.23 |
| VAP/HAP | 80 (57)/ 61 (31) | 197 (59)/ 135 (69) | 0.60 |
| Severity of pneumonia assessment | |||
| SOFA score at day 1 | 8 (6; 10) | 7 (4; 9) | 0.003 |
| Multi-lobar involvement | 77 (55) | 143 (43) | 0.021 |
| ARDS criteria | 21 (15) | 41 (12) | 0.47 |
| Shock at onset of pneumonia | 69 (49) | 135 (41) | 0.050 |
| Laboratory variables at onset of pneumonia | |||
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 1 (0.6; 1.7) | 0.9 (0.7; 1.4) | 0.19 |
| White blood cell count, L−9 | 10,500 (7000; 14,200) | 13,560 (9555; 18,250) | <0.001 |
| Lymphocyte counts, cells/mm3 | 396 (268; 589) | 1045 (793; 1431) | <0.001 |
| Outcomes | |||
| Treatment failure at 72 h | 85 (60) | 170 (51) | 0.070 |
| 28-day mortality | 38 (27) | 59 (18) | 0.024 |
| 90-day mortality | 74 (53) | 111 (34) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; VAP, ventilator-associated pneumonia; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPIS, clinical pulmonary infection score (only for patients with VAP); ICU, intensive care unit; HAP, hospital-acquired pneumonia; PaO2/FiO2, ratio of partial pressure arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen; SAPS, simplified acute physiology score; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment. Data are presented as number of patients (%) or median (1st quartile; 3rd quartile); p-values calculated by Mann–Whitney U test, chi-square test, or Fisher’s exact test. Percentages calculated on non-missing data.