Table 3.
Cox regression analyses to predict 90-day mortality in patients with ICU-AP.
| Univariate a | Multivariable b | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | p-Value | HR | 95% CI | p-Value | |
| Age (+1 year) | 1.02 | 1.01–1.04 | <0.001 | 1.03 | 1.01–1.04 | <0.001 |
| Liver disease | 2.03 | 1.47–2.81 | <0.001 | 1.78 | 1.24–2.54 | 0.002 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 1.73 | 1.29–2.32 | <0.001 | 1.60 | 1.16–2.19 | 0.004 |
| Corticosteroids before admission | 1.85 | 1.26–2.72 | 0.002 | - | - | - |
| Corticosteroids at diagnosis | 1.40 | 1.05–1.87 | 0.024 | 1.43 | 1.04–1.95 | 0.026 |
| Previous surgery | 0.66 | 0.49–0.89 | 0.006 | - | - | - |
| SOFA at diagnosis (+1 point) | 1.12 | 1.07–1.17 | <0.001 | 1.13 | 1.08–1.18 | <0.001 |
| Non-ventilated hospital-acquired pneumonia | 1.28 | 0.96–1.71 | 0.098 | - | - | - |
| Appropriate antibiotic treatment | 0.61 | 0.44–0.84 | 0.003 | - | - | - |
| Lymphocytes (<595 cells/mm3) b | 1.83 | 1.36–2.46 | <0.001 | 1.41 | 1.02–1.94 | 0.038 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio. Data are shown as estimated HRs (95% CIs) of the explanatory variables in the 90-day mortality group. The HR is defined as the ratio of the hazard rates corresponding to the conditions described by two levels of an explanatory variable (the hazard rate is the risk of death (i.e., the probability of death), given that the patient has survived up to a specific time). The p-value is based on the null hypothesis that all HRs relating to an explanatory variable equal unity (no effect). a The variables analyzed in the univariate analysis were: age, gender, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease, neoplasia, chronic cardiovascular disease, chronic liver disease, chronic pulmonary disease, corticoids before admission, corticoids at diagnosis, previous surgery, SOFA score, appropriate antibiotic treatment, and ventilator-associated pneumonia. b Optimal cut-off value to predict 90-day mortality using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.