Table 5.
Associations between perceived criminality (by type of crime) at neighbourhood level, feeling unsafe (at night) and self-rated health
| Base model: Perception of each type of crime included in a separate model |
Variation 1: Multivariable model including thefts, burglaries, violent crimes, traffic nuisance, vandalism (excluded: nuisance) |
Variation 2: Multivariable model including thefts, burglaries, traffic nuisance, nuisance, vandalism (excluded: violent crimes) |
Base model: Perception of each type of crime included in a separate model |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feeling unsafe | Feeling unsafe at night | Feeling unsafe | Feeling unsafe at night | Feeling unsafe | Feeling unsafe at night | Poor health | |
| N included in the model | between 5154 and 8026 | between 5219 and 8129 | 4574 | 4626 | 4429 | 4478 | between 5237 and 8216 |
|
Feel unsafe vs feel safe OR [95% CI] |
Poor vs good health OR [95% CI] |
||||||
| Perceived frequency of thefts | 1.84 [1.63;2.07] | 1.79 [1.61;2.00] | 1.15 [1.11;1.20] | 1.15 [1.10;1.20] | 1.13 [1.08;1.17] | 1.11 [1.07;1.16] | 1.06 [0.98;1.14] |
| Perceived frequency of burglaries | 1.22 [1.00;1.48] | 1.19 [0.98;1.45] | 1.04 [1.02;1.07] | 1.05 [1.02;1.08] | 1.06 [1.03;1.09] | 1.06 [1.03;1.08] | 1.07 [0.98;1.16] |
| Perceived frequency of violent crimes | 2.29 [2.00;2.63] | 2.09 [1.81;2.41] | 1.27 [1.22;1.32] | 1.18 [1.12;1.23] | Not includeda | Not includeda | 1.14 [1.04;1.26] |
| Perceived frequency of traffic nuisance | 1.83 [1.55;2.15] | 1.64 [1.39;1.93] | 1.13 [1.11;1.16] | 1.10 [1.07;1.12] | 1.11 [1.09;1.14] | 1.08 [1.05;1.11] | 1.15 [1.06; 1.24] |
| Perceived frequency of nuisance caused by neighbours | 1.91 [1.61;2.26] | 1.87 [1.63;2.16] | Not includeda | Not includeda | 1.39 [1.33;1.46] | 1.33 [1.26;1.41] | 1.03 [0.95;1.13] |
| Perceived frequency of vandalism | 1.69 [1.48;1.94] | 1.52 [1.34;1.72] | 1.03 [1.01;1.05] | 1.03 [1.01;1.05] | 1.02 [1.00;1.05] | 1.02 [1.00;1.04] | 1.04 [0.96;1.13] |
Results from multilevel logistic regression models (individuals clustered in the neighbourhoods); Perceived safety factors are scored on the scale from 0 (best) to 10 (worst); n range 5219–8129. All models adjusted for age, gender, education, income and the difference between neighbourhood mean and individual score for each factor
aFrequency of violent crimes and nuisance could not be added to the model at the same time due to collinearity problem
Significant estimates (at 5% level) are in bold.