Table 4.
Perceived Health and Economic Impacts of Tax in Seattle, by Race/Ethnicity
| Non-Hispanic Whitesa (N = 588) |
Non-Hispanic Blacksa (N = 60) |
Non-Hispanic Asiansa (N = 66) |
Non-Hispanic Other Racea,b (N = 78) | Hispanics (N = 56)a | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | ||
| Opinion on Taxc | ||||||
| Approve | 64% (59, 68%) | 46% (33, 60%) | 49% (36, 62%) | 53% (41, 65%) | 53% (38, 68%) | 0.17 |
| Disapprove | 33% (28, 37%) | 49% (36, 63%) | 45% (32, 58%) | 42% (31, 55%) | 42% (28, 57%) | |
| Don’t know | 3.9% (2.5, 6.1%) | 4.3% (1.0, 17%) | 6.4% (2.4, 16%) | 4.4% (1.6, 12%) | 5.1% (1.3, 18%) | |
| Child Well Beingd | ||||||
| Tax will improve child health and wellbeing | 61% (57, 66%) | 46% (33, 61%) | 59% (46, 71%) | 44% (33, 57%) | 60% (45, 73%) | 0.18 |
| Tax will not improve child health and wellbeing | 35% (31, 40%) | 44% (31, 58%) | 36% (25, 50%) | 51% (38, 63%) | 39% (26, 54%) | |
| Don’t know | 3.3% (2.0, 5.3%) | 10% (3.6, 23%) | 4.5% (1.5, 13%) | 4.9% (1.4, 16%) | 1.2% (0.17, 8.2%) | |
| Public Healthd | ||||||
| Tax will improve public health | 59% (54, 63%) | 42% (29, 57%) | 55% (42, 68%) | 42% (30, 54%) | 52% (38, 67%) | 0.095 |
| Tax will not improve public health | 38% (33, 42%) | 48% (34, 62%) | 39% (27, 52%) | 51% (39, 64%) | 48% (33, 62%) | |
| Don’t know | 3.6% (2.3, 5.6%) | 10% (3.7, 24%) | 5.6% (2.1, 14%) | 6.8% (2.6, 17%) | 0% (0, 0%) | |
| Cross-Border Shoppingd | ||||||
| Participant will not cross-border shop | 78% (74, 82%) | 77% (63, 87%) | 77% (64, 86%) | 82% (70, 90%) | 68% (52, 80%) | 0.029 |
| Participant will cross-border shop | 20% (17, 25%) | 13% (7.0, 25%) | 17% (10, 29%) | 17% (10, 29%) | 29% (17, 45%) | |
| Don’t know | 1.7% (0.91, 3.0%) | 10% (3.6, 23%) | 5.8% (2.2, 15%) | 1.0% (0.10, 6.7%) | 3.3% (0.80, 13%) | |
| Seattle's Economyd | ||||||
| Tax will have a positive effect on the economy | 48% (43, 53%) | 49% (35, 63%) | 46% (33, 59%) | 44% (32, 56%) | 50% (35, 64%) | 0.81 |
| Tax will have a negative effect on the economy | 36% (31, 40%) | 26% (16, 39%) | 39% (27, 53%) | 34% (23, 47%) | 35% (23, 51%) | |
| Don’t know | 16% (13, 20%) | 25% (14, 39%) | 15% (7.8, 27%) | 22% (13, 34%) | 15% (7.7, 27%) | |
| Small Businessesd | ||||||
| Tax will not negatively affect small businesses | 53% (49, 58%) | 45% (32, 59%) | 51% (38, 64%) | 42% (31, 55%) | 60% (44, 73%) | 0.036 |
| Tax will negatively affect small businesses | 40% (35, 44%) | 38% (25, 52%) | 33% (22, 46%) | 48% (36, 60%) | 38% (25, 53%) | |
| Don’t know | 7.1% (5.3, 9.5%) | 17% (8.6, 31%) | 17% (9.1, 29%) | 10% (4.3, 21%) | 2.4% (0.59, 9.3%) | |
| Job Lossd | ||||||
| Tax will not result in job loss | 67% (62, 71%) | 61% (46, 73%) | 63% (50, 75%) | 65% (52, 75%) | 75% (60, 86%) | 0.022 |
| Tax will result in job loss | 25% (21, 29%) | 22% (13, 34%) | 16% (9.0, 29%) | 19% (11, 31%) | 19% (10, 34%) | |
| Don’t know | 8.2% (6.2, 11%) | 18% (9.1, 31%) | 20% (12, 33%) | 16% (9.0, 27%) | 5.3% (1.6, 16%) | |
| Family Financesd | ||||||
| Tax will not negatively affect family finances | 82% (79, 86%) | 63% (48, 75%) | 73% (60, 83%) | 81% (71, 88%) | 67% (51, 79%) | <0.001* |
| Tax will negatively affect family finances | 16% (13, 20%) | 31% (20, 45%) | 16% (8.0, 27%) | 14% (8.0, 24%) | 27% (15, 43%) | |
| Don’t know | 1.3% (0.70, 2.4%) | 6.4% (1.9, 20%) | 11% (5.3, 22%) | 4.6% (1.7,12%) | 5.6% (1.8, 17%) | |
| Impact on Low-Income People and People of Color | ||||||
| Tax will positively impact people with low-income/people of color | 50% (45, 54%) | 54% (40, 68%) | 37% (25, 50%) | 46% (34, 59%) | 49% (34, 64%) | 0.48 |
| Tax will negatively impact people with low-income/people of color | 40% (36, 45%) | 32% (20, 46%) | 48% (35, 61%) | 42% (31, 55%) | 44% (30, 59%) | |
| Don’t know | 10% (7.8, 13%) | 14% (6.6, 26%) | 15% (7.9, 27%) | 11% (5.3, 22%) | 7.3% (2.7, 19%) | |
| Individual Choiced | ||||||
| People will have the choice to drink the beverages they want | 74% (70, 78%) | 64% (49, 76%) | 63% (50, 75%) | 71% (59, 81%) | 63% (48%,7 6%) | 0.32 |
| People will not have the choice to drink the beverages they want | 23% (20, 27%) | 33% (22, 47%) | 32% (21, 46%) | 24% (15, 36%) | 37% (24, 52%) | |
| Don’t know | 2.8 (1.7, 4.4%) | 3.0% (0.42, 18%) | 4.5% (1.5, 13%) | 4.7% (1.3, 15%) | 0% (0.0, 0.0%) | |
CI confidence interval
aValues are rounded to two significant digits. Missing data: ethnicity (n = 3 [individuals who responded “don’t know”]); opinion on tax (n = 1); cross-border shopping (n = 4), small business (n = 1); job loss (n = 1); impact on people with low-income/people of color (n = 4); individual choice (n = 1)
bNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders, American Indian and Alaska Natives, and those reporting two or more races are categorized as non-Hispanic Other
cResponses included: strongly disapprove, somewhat disapprove, somewhat approve, strongly approve, don’t know. These categories are collapsed into: approve, disapprove, don’t know
dParticipants were read two statements and asked to indicate if the first statement was much closer, the first statement was somewhat closer, the second statement was much closer, or the second statement was somewhat closer. There was also an option to report “don’t know” or “refused” for each of the questions. These categories are collapsed into: the first statement was closer, the second statement was closer or don’t know
*Denotes statistically significant difference in participants’ response to all three response categories (agree, disagree, don’t know), comparing all races to each other, after considering multiple comparisons, using the Holm-Bonferroni Sequential Correction (global p < 0.01). Statistical significance estimated using a Chi-squared test