Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of all 244 patients by renal recovery
| Characteristic | Recovery (96) | Non-recovery (148) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), years | 56 (44–66) | 56 (43.8–64) | 0.57 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 55 (57.3) | 82 (55.4) | 0.77 |
| Body mass index, median (IQR), kg/m2 | 30.6 (24.5–37.2) | 30.2 (25.2–39.4) | 0.54 |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| White | 70 (72.9) | 100 (67.6) | 0.37 |
| Black or African American | 25 (26) | 33 (22.3) | 0.50 |
| SOFA, mean (SD), points | 10.6 (3) | 12.7 (3.6) | < 0.001* |
| Non-renal SOFA, mean (SD), points | 9.8 (2.7) | 11.3 (3) | < 0.001* |
| APACHE III, mean (SD), points | 105 (29) | 121 (31) | < 0.001* |
| Charlson comorbidities index, median (IQR), points | 3 (1–5) | 3 (1–5) | 0.61 |
| Severity of ARDS on day 1 | |||
| Mild | 13 (15.3) | 20 (15.2) | 0.22 |
| Moderate | 41 (48.2) | 49 (37.1) | |
| Severe | 31 (36.5) | 63 (47.7) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Chronic lung diseases | 34 (35.4) | 40 (27) | 0.16 |
| Diabetes | 25 (26) | 47 (31.8) | 0.34 |
| Active malignancies | 12 (12.5) | 47 (31.8) | < 0.001* |
| Liver disease | 7 (7.3) | 21 (14.2) | 0.10 |
| Heart failure | 14 (14.6) | 8 (5.4) | 0.01* |
| Recent surgery within 3 months. | 4 (4.2) | 6 (4.1) | 1.00 |
| Cause of ARDS, n (%) | |||
| Pneumonia | 82 (85.4) | 122 (82.4) | 0.54 |
| Aspiration | 20 (20.8) | 23 (15.5) | 0.29 |
| Non-pulmonary sepsis | 6 (6.2) | 15 (10.1) | 0.29 |
| Pancreatitis | 5 (5.2) | 3 (2) | 0.27 |
| Echocardiographic findings | |||
| Ejection fraction, median (IQR),% | 58.5 (55–64) | 60 (55–65) | 0.74 |
| RVSP, median (IQR), mm Hg | 39 (32.5–49) | 40.5 (31.3–50.8) | 0.86 |
| Vasopressors use | 66 (68.8) | 136 (91.9) | < 0.001* |
| Septic shock | 38 (39.6) | 104 (70.3) | < 0.001* |
| Nephrotoxic agents | 93 (96.9) | 142 (95.9) | 1.00 |
| Median time to develop AKI | 3 (2–6) | 4 (2–7) | 0.02* |
| RRT initiation from highest AKI onset | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–2) | 0.18 |
| Known baseline SCr, n (%) | 56 (58.3) | 89 (60.1) | 0.78 |
| Baseline SCr, mean (SD), mg/dL | 0.85 (0.22) | 0.8 (0.18) | 0.18 |
| eGFR, median (IQR), mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 92.5 (73.2–109.5) | 97.1 (82.2–112.5) | 0.10 |
AKI = acute kidney injury, APACHE = acute physiology, age, chronic health evaluation, ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate, IQR = interquartile range, RRT = renal replacement therapy, RVSP = right ventricular systolic pressure, SCr = serum creatinine, SD = standard deviation, SOFA = sequential organ failure assessment
*p < 0.05 when compared with patients with complete renal recovery