. 2019 Jun 18;35(4):595–607. doi: 10.1007/s12264-019-00403-7

Table 1.

BD and serum levels of cytokines: summary of two new studies.

Author, year	Title	Sample	Study design	Assessments	Main findings
Munkholm et al. (2018)	Leukocytes in peripheral blood from patients with BD-trait and state alterations and association with levels of cytokines and C-reactive protein	n = 169 (97 BD patients and 72 HC)	Prospective cohort	IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α, hsCRP, together with leukocytes and neutrophils in blood	Leukocyte and neutrophil counts both higher in patients with BD than HCs. Serum IL-6, TNF-α, and hsCRP levels positively associated with leukocyte and neutrophil counts Plasma level of IL-6 increased in patients with BD and MD
Wu et al. (2017)	Circulating T lymphocyte subsets, cytokines, and immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with bipolar II or major depression: a preliminary study	n = 65 (23 BD patients, 22 MD patients, and 20 HCs)	Prospective cohort	T lymphocyte subsets and IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in blood

Author, year

Title

Sample

Study design

Assessments

Main findings

Munkholm et al. (2018)

Leukocytes in peripheral blood from patients with BD-trait and state alterations and association with levels of cytokines and C-reactive protein

n = 169 (97 BD patients and 72 HC)

Prospective cohort

IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α, hsCRP, together with leukocytes and neutrophils in blood

Leukocyte and neutrophil counts both higher in patients with BD than HCs. Serum IL-6, TNF-α, and hsCRP levels positively associated with leukocyte and neutrophil counts

Plasma level of IL-6 increased in patients with BD and MD

Wu et al. (2017)

Circulating T lymphocyte subsets, cytokines, and immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with bipolar II or major depression: a preliminary study

n = 65 (23 BD patients, 22 MD patients, and 20 HCs)

Prospective cohort

T lymphocyte subsets and IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in blood