In vitro chemosensitization of ovarian cancer cells was achieved by tumor‐targeted nanocomplex (scL)‐delivered microRNA 130b (miR‐130b). (A) HEYA8 and OVCAR8 human ovarian cancer cells were seeded at a density of 4.0 × 103 cells per well in 96‐well plates. Twenty‐four hours later, the cells were transfected with indocarbocyanine (cy5)‐labeled scL–miR‐130b or scL‐normal control (NC) microRNA at 200 nM miRNA per well. After a 5‐hour incubation, 10% serum was added, and the cells were incubated for an additional 67 hours then imaged without fixing. p53Mut indicates mutant p53; p53Wt, wild‐type p53. (B) HEYA8 and OVCAR8 cells were transfected with 35 nM scL–miR‐130b or scL‐NC. Five hours after transfection, increasing doses of cisplatin (CDDP) were added. Seventy‐two hours later, the level of cell survival was assessed using a 2,3‐bis‐(2‐methoxy‐4‐nitro‐5‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium‐5‐carboxanilide (XTT) assay, and the results were plotted. Expression levels of selected miR‐130b–responsive genes in are illustrated in (C) HEYA8 and (D) OVCAR8 cells that were transfected with scL–miR‐130b at 48 and 72 hours after transfection. BIM indicates B‐cell lymphoma 2‐like protein 11; NT, not treated.