Table 1.

Growth factors in clinical application

Growth factor	Target cells	Administration	Function	Refs.
EGF	Fibroblasts Keratinocytes	Topical	Promote cell proliferation, differentiation and migration; accelerate epidermal regeneration	[93]
PDGF	Neutrophils Macrophages Fibroblasts Smooth muscle cells	Topical	Increase the structural integrity of vessels; promote cell proliferation, ECM Deposition and re-epithelialization	[94]
bFGF	Keratinocytes Fibroblasts	Topical	Promote collagenase production, ECM deposition and re-epithelialization	[95]
GM-CSF	Keratinocyte Endothelial cells Macrophages Eosinophils	Topical/subcutaneous injection	Promote local recruitment of inflammatory cells, stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation and wound contraction	[96]
TGF-β	Keratinocytes Macrophages Lymphocytes Fibroblasts	Topical	Promote granulation tissue formation; re-epithelialization; matrix formation and remodeling	[97]