Table 1.
Antimicrobial resistance profiles and carriage of virulence genes among S. epidermidis clinical and colonized isolates
| Clinical isolates (N = 223) | Colonized isolates (N = 106) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | ||
| Antimicrobials | |||||
| penicillin | 213 | 95.52 | 87 | 82.08 | 0.000 |
| tetracycline | 76 | 34.08 | 19 | 17.92 | 0.004 |
| ciprofloxacin | 66 | 29.60 | 37 | 34.91 | 0.000 |
| chloramphenicol | 78 | 34.98 | 10 | 9.43 | 0.000 |
| gentamicin | 72 | 32.29 | 21 | 19.81 | 0.000 |
| clindamycin | 110 | 49.33 | 36 | 33.96 | 0.000 |
| erythromycin | 184 | 82.51 | 66 | 62.26 | 0.000 |
| Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole | 99 | 44.39 | 27 | 25.47 | 0.000 |
| linezolid | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.94 | 0.684 |
| vancomycin | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | NAa |
| Biofilm formation | 21 | 9.42 | 19 | 17.92 | |
| Virulence genes | |||||
| icaA | 46 | 20.63 | 24 | 22.64 | 0.202 |
| aap | 148 | 66.37 | 61 | 57.55 | 0.022 |
| sesI | 39 | 17.49 | 4 | 3.77 | 0.000 |
| arcA | 112 | 52.02 | 37 | 34.91 | 0.000 |
| IS256 | 97 | 43.50 | 2 | 1.89 | 0.000 |
| Bhp | 102 | 22.32 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.000 |
| Aae | 443 | 96.94 | 13 | 12.26 | 0.000 |
| GehD | 168 | 36.76 | 7 | 6.60 | 0.000 |
| Resistance genes | |||||
| mupA | 41 | 18.38 | 11 | 10.38 | 0.065 |
| qacA/B | 100 | 44.84 | 57 | 53.77 | 0.058 |
a NA not analyzed