Fig. 8.

UBL4A inhibits tumor proliferation and metastasis in orthotopic tumor mode. a-f Representative bioluminescence imaging (following intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mg/g luciferin) of mice at the day of 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. At day 35, all mice were sacrificed and the primary tumors were removed, the tumor volume and weight was evaluated. g-h Representative images of orthotopic xenograft pancreatic cancer mouse models from four groups and metastatic nodes were calculated, red arrows indicated metastatic lesions. i The expression of UBL4A, LAMP1, LC3B, p62, CTSB, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in human PDAC tissues and normal pancreas (original magnification, 20×) (bar, 400 μm) j-k The expression of UBL4A, LAMP1, LC3B, p62, CTSB, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin were analyzed in paraffin-embedded tissue sections of orthotopic pancreatic cancer models from different groups by immunohistochemistry (original magnification, 20×) (bars, 400 μm). The statistical significance between different groups was calculated with Student t-test. Data are shown as the mean ± SD of three replicates; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ns: not significant