Table 3.

Results of the matching procedure and intervention effects reported for each outcome measure

Outcome measures		Study	Matching				Intervention effects
Category	Instrument		Intervention	Sample		Setting
				Floor/ceiling effects or rare event	Missing data
FCT	(modified) Katz ADL Index	Blanc-Bisson 2008 [33]	–	+	+	+	NA
		Brown 2016 [34]	±	–	+	+	n.s.
		Counsell 2000 [48]	+	+	+	+	n.s.
		Landefeld 1995 [50]	+	–	+	+	↑
	Barthel Index	Abizanda 2011 [32]	±	+	+	+	n.s.
		Jones 2006 [40]	±	–	+	+	n.s.
		Nikolaus 1999 [42]	±	–	+	+	n.s.
	Lawton IADL scale	Czyzewski 2013 [35]	–	–	–	–	NA
		Nikolaus 1999 [42]	–	+	+	–	n.s.
	ADL staircase	Stenvall 2007, 2012 [28, 29] Lundström 2007 [26, 28]	±	–	–	±	NA
	FIM	Eyres 2005 [36]	±	+	+	+	NA
	mDRI	Hagsten 2004 [37]	±	NA	+	±	n.s.
	mKB ADL scale	Hagsten 2004 [37]	+	+	+	±	↑
MOB	6MWT	He 2015 [38]	+	+	+	+	NA
	10MWT	Czyzewski 2013 [35]	±	+	+	+	NA
	30CST	Torres-Sanchez 2017 [45]	±	+	+	+	↑
	mILOAS
	total score	Kimmel 2016 [41]	+	+	+	+	n.s.
	ambulation item	Oldmeadow 2006 [43]	+	NA	+	+	↑
	step negotiation item	Oldmeadow 2006 [43]	±	–	–	+	n.s.
	transfer items	Oldmeadow 2006 [43]	±	NA	–	+	↑
	activPAL	Taraldsen 2014 [31]	±	+	–	+	↑
	Handheld dynamometry	Torres-Sanchez 2017 [45]	±	+	+	+	↑
	OLS	Torres-Sanchez 2017 [45]	±	+	+	+	↑
	PPAS	Czyzewski 2013 [35]	±	NA	+	+	↑
	SPPB	Prestmo 2015 [30]	+	+	+	+	↑
	TUG	Czyzewski 2013 [35]	±	+	+	+	NA
	UCLA scale	Czyzewski 2013 [35]	±	NA	–	±	NA
	COVS	Stenvall 2007, 2012 [28, 29] Lundström 2007 [26]	+	NA	+	+	n.s.
HU	LOS	Barnes 2012 [47]	+	+	+	+	↑
		Huusko 2000 [49]	+	+	+	+	↑
		Siebens 2000 [44]	–	+	+	+	n.s.
		Vidan 2005 [53]	±	+	+	+	n.s.
	Discharge destination	Naglie 2002 [51]	+	+	+	+	↑
		Stenvall 2007 [28]	±	+	+	+	n.s.
	Hospital costs	Barnes 2012 [47]	+	+	+	+	↑
ACE	Medical complications	Stenvall 2012 [29]	+	NA	+	+	NA
		Vidan 2005 [53]	+	+	+	+	↑
	Mortality	Asplund 2000 [46]	±	–	+	+	n.s.
		Vidan 2005 [53]	±	–	+	+	↑
	AIS	Stenvall 2007,2012 [27–29]	+	–	–	+	↑
	Falls	Stenvall 2007 [27]	+	+	+	+	↑
PSY	Self-Efficacy Gauge	Eyres 2005 [36]	±	+	+	+	NA
	Life Satisfaction Index	Eyres 2005 [36]	–	+	+	+	NA
	GDS	Lundström [26]	–	+	–	+	n.s
	15D HRQOL	Pitkälä 2008 [52]	±	+	+	+	↑
COG	CAM	Jeffs 2013	±	–	+	+	n.s
	OBS scale	Lundström 2007 [26]	+	–	+	+	↑
	MMSE	Lundström 2007 [26]	±	+	+	+	n.s.

6MWT 6-Minute Walk Test, 10MWT 10-Meter Walking Test, 30CST 30-Seconds Chair Stand Test, AIS Abbreviated Injury Scale, CAM Confusion Assessment Method, COVS Clinical Outcome Variables Scale, FIM Functional Independent Measure, GDS Geriatric Depression Scale, HRQOL Health-related Quality of Life, LOS Length of stay, mDRI modified Disability Rating Index, mILOAS modified Iowa Level of Assistance Scale, mKB ADL scale modified Klein-Bell ADL scale, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, OBS scale Organic Brain Syndrome scale, OLS One Leg Stance, PPAS Postoperative Patient Activity Scale, SPPB Short Physical Performance Battery, TUG Timed Up and Go, UCLA scale University of California, Los Angeles Activity scale

+, “match”; ±, “limited match”; −, “no match”; NA, not available; ↑, significant between-group differences in favor of the intervention group (p ≤ 0.05); n.s., no significant between-group differences in favor of the intervention group (p > 0.05)