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. 2019 Jul 10;11:12. doi: 10.1186/s11689-019-9272-2

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — aAn example of the morph steps. Each video clip showed an actor’s face morphing from the neutral expression to one of the five prototypical expressions (disgust, surprise, anger, happiness, and neutral). b Procedure of the experiment 1. Participants were presented with dynamic facial expressions one at a time. Each stimulus lasted for 4 s. When participants recognized the facial expression they pressed the space bar (stop button) and the stimulus disappeared (response time, RTs). RTs were considered an indicator of the time necessary to recognize the facial expression. Then participants were instructed to categorize each stimulus in a forced-choice procedure identifying the facial expression from a list of five stylized emotional faces (accuracy rate, RACC). c Procedure of the experiment 2. Participants were presented with 5 different blocks of morphed emotional faces (i.e., disgust, surprise, anger, happiness, and neutral). Each block lasted 60 s and was composed of different video clips representing the same emotion (12 facial expressions in total). Each video clip was preceded by 30-s baseline (i.e., a dynamic screensaver). At the end of each block participants underwent a control task (a forced-choice procedure identifying among five alternative pictures the emotion corresponding to the block previously seen)