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. 2019 Jul 3;10:826. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00826

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Copyright © 2019 Zhou, Li and Song.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Sexual dimorphism indices of nine shared vegetative and reproductive traits between males and females of Vallisneria natans at three water depths. Trait (1) percentage of flowering ramets; (2) leaf length; (3) leaf width; (4) spathe number; (5) biomass of vegetative structures; (6) biomass of reproductive structures; (7) total biomass; (8) reproduction effort; and (9) photosynthetic rate. Asterisks indicate the significance of deviation from 0 (χ² test, ^*P < 0.05; ^∗∗P < 0.01; and ^∗∗∗P < 0.001). Letter superscripts denote significant differences (P < 0.05) among water depths based on Tukey HSD comparisons. N = 90 male and 90 female plants.