Table 2.
Group comparisons of measures of language function; median (range)
| Measure | M (n) | SD (n = 8) | NfvPPA (n = 12) | LvPPA (n = 13) | AD (n = 14) | Quade's ANCOVA F (df = 3) | Controls (n = 19) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naming | |||||||
| Object and action naming: objects/50 | 0 | 25.5 (14–48) | 47.0 (0–50) | 44.0 (22–50) | 45.5 (4–50) | 2.303 | 50.0 (48–50) |
| Object and action naming: actions/50 | 0 | 30.0 (20–49) | 42.0 (0–49) | 45.0 (17–49) | 42.5 (5–50) | 0.681 | 50.0 (48–50) |
| Proportion action to object naming | 1 | 1.2 (1.0–1.7)a , b , c | 0.9 (0.1–1.0)d | 1.0 (0.8–1.2)d | 1.0 (0.7–1.3)d | 11.101*** | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) |
| Manchester naming/40 | 0 | 21.0 (11–37) | 36.5 (0–40) | 36.0 (16–39) | 36.5 (4–40) | 2.518 | 40.0 (39–40) |
| Single word comprehension | |||||||
| Manchester comprehension/40 | 0 | 38.5 (27–40)a , b , c | 40.0 (40–40)d | 40.0 (40–40)d | 40.0 (38–40)d | 9.286*** | 40.0 (40–40) |
| Sentence processing | |||||||
| Auditory sentence comprehension/24 | 0 | 23.0 (11–24) | 20.5 (10–24) | 22.0 (15–24) | 18.0 (7–23) | 1.077 | 24.0 (23–24) |
| Auditory comprehension of locative relations /24 | 2 | 21.5 (5–24) | 15.0 (7–24) | 19.0 (7–24) | 11.0 (6–24) | 1.402 | 24.0 (19–24) |
| Manchester sentence ordering | |||||||
| Order/10 | 2 | 8.0 (3–10) | 1.0 (0–10)b | 9.5 (4–10)a | 9.0 (0–10) | 4.492** | 10.0 (7–10) |
| Reading/10 | 3 | 10.0 (10–10)a | 3.5 (0–10)b , c , d | 10.0 (6–10)a | 10.0 (0–10)a | 11.118*** | 10.0 (9–10) |
| To dictation/10 | 3 | 10.0 (7–10)a | 3.5 (0–10)b , c , d | 10.0 (8–10)a | 10.0 (0–10)a | 6.262*** | 10.0 (10–10) |
| Time (s) | 4 | 13.0 (8–28)a | 29.1 (10–48)d | 30.35 (11–55) | 28.2 (14–75) | 3.177* | 6.2 (2–17) |
| Manchester tense production | |||||||
| Uncued/20 | 7 | 17.0 (1–20) | 18.0 (2–20) | 19.0 (12–20) | 19.0 (0–20) | 0.845 | 20.0 (19–20) |
| Cued/20 | 7 | 18.0 (5–20) | 18.0 (2–20) | 20.0 (13–20) | 19.0 (0–20) | 1.356 | 20.0 (19–20) |
| Complete/20 | 2 | 20.0 (15–20) | 13.0 (10–20) | 20.0 (10–20) | 20.0 | 1.934 | 20.0 (20–20) |
| Measures of narrative production: cookie theft description | |||||||
| Words per minute | 1 | 159.5 (89–217)a , c | 47.8 (4–80)b , c , d | 122.1 (38–152)a | 116.9 (57–176)a , d | 14.415*** | 145.1 (120–198) |
| Phonetic errors per 100 words | 1 | 0.0 (0–0) | 0.0 (0–2.5) | 0.0 (0–0) | 0.0 (0–0) | 2.135 | 0.0 (0–0) |
| Phonemic errors per 100 words | 1 | 0.0 (0–0)a | 3.0 (0–67)b , c , d | 0.0 (0–5)a | 0.0 (0–5)a | 6.393** | 0.0 (0–0) |
| Fluency disruptions per 100 words | 1 | 4.6 (1–22)a | 31.3 (0–65)d | 16.1 (3–44) | 11.8 (0–64) | 4.648** | 6.8 (0–9) |
| Mean length of utterance (words) | 1 | 10.9 (7–13)a | 6.0 (0.0–9.6)b , c , d | 10.0 (5.3–21.4)a | 10.1 (5.7–17.7)a | 5.454** | 13.8 (9.4–22.7) |
| Number of dependent clauses per utterance | 2 | 0.1 (0–0.5) | 0.0 (0–0.1)b | 0.3 (0–1.3)a | 0.1 (0–0.7) | 6.046** | 0.5 (0.2–1.3) |
| Percent nouns | 2 | 9.9 (8–19)a | 19.9 (9–64)d | 14.6 (9–26) | 14.4 (6–23) | 3.281* | 19.6 (13–25) |
| Percent verbs | 2 | 29.4 (22–36) | 25.0 (14–38) | 26.8 (16–32) | 24.5 (17–32) | 1.390 | 24.7 (19.9–30.7) |
| Proportion nouns to verbs | 2 | 0.3 (0.2–0.9)a | 0.7 (0.4–4.5)d | 0.6 (0.4–1.1) | 0.6 (0.3–1.0) | 3.550* | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) |
| Percentage well‐formed sentences | 1 | 100.0 (86–100)a | 60.0 (0–100)d | 71.4 (43–100) | 80.0 (20–100) | 4.481** | 100.0 (85–100) |
| Reading | |||||||
| Manchester reading/40 | 2 | 40.0 (31–40) | 40.0 (33–40)b | 40.0 (40–40)a | 40.0 (31–40) | 2.954* | 40.0 (40–40) |
| Imageability/frequency reading/40 | 0 | 38.0 (20–40) | 37.0 (0–40) | 39.0 (31–40) | 39.0 (13–40) | 1.834 | 40.0 (39–40) |
| Difference high/low frequency | 0 | 1.5 (0–4) | 1.0 (0–5) | 0.0 (−3 to 2) | 0.5 (−2 to 3) | 2.422 | 0.0 (0–1) |
| Difference high/low imageability | 0 | 2.0 (0–10) | 1.0 (−1 to 5) | 0.0 (0–7) | 1.0 (0–9) | 2.531 | 0.0 (0–1) |
| Spelling/sound regularity reading/20 | 0 | 19.0 (9–20) | 18.0 (0–20) | 19.0 (16–20) | 19.0 (8–20) | 0.581 | 20.0 (19–20) |
| Difference regular/exception | 0 | 0.0 (−3 to 1) | 0.0 (−2 to 4) | 0.0 (−1 to 2) | 0.0 (−3 to 2) | 1.223 | 0.0 (−1 to 1) |
| Non‐word reading/10 | 0 | 10.0 (3–10) | 8.0 (0–10) | 10.0 (6–10) | 10.0 (1–10) | 2.333 | 10.0 (5–10) |
| Spelling | |||||||
| Manchester writing/20 | 5 | 13.0 (7–20) | 12.0 (2–20) | 19.0 (4–20) | 14.5 (0–20) | 0.550 | 20.0 (14–20) |
df, degrees of freedom; lvPPA, logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia; m, missing; nfvPPA, non‐fluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia; s, seconds; SD, semantic dementia.
*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .0001.
aSignificant versus non‐fluent/agrammatic patients.
bSignificant versus logopenic patients.
cSignificant versus AD patients.
dSignificant versus SD patients. N.B. For post‐hoc comparisons, significance is set at p < .0083.