Table 2.
Foetal and infant growth characteristics and the association with ocular biometry at 6 years of age
| (Estimated) Weight | Axial length (mm) | Corneal radius (mm) | AL/CR ratio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early pregnancy (n = 5093) | 0.042 (0.023–0.062) | 0.017 (0.010–0.024) | −0.001 (−0.003 to 0.002) |
| Late pregnancy (n = 5006) | 0.090 (0.072–0.109) | 0.037 (0.030–0.043) | −0.002 (−0.004 to 0.000) |
| Birth weight (kg) (n = 5923) | 0.227 (0.195–0.259) | 0.093 (0.081–0.104) | −0.005 (−0.009 to −0.002) |
| Birth weight (n = 5884) | 0.132 (0.115–0.150) | 0.050 (0.044–0.057) | −0.002 (−0.004 to 0.000) |
| 3 months (n = 3528) | 0.151 (0.129–0.172) | 0.060 (0.052–0.068) | −0.003 (−0.005 to −0.000) |
| 6 months (n = 4407) | 0.149 (0.128–0.170) | 0.063 (0.056–0.071) | −0.004 (−0.007 to −0.002) |
| 12 months (n = 4084) | 0.148 (0.126–0.170) | 0.065 (0.057–0.073) | −0.005 (−0.007 to −0.003) |
| 24 months (n = 3828) | 0.152 (0.130–0.173) | 0.061 (0.053–0.069) | −0.003 (−0.006 to −0.001) |
| 36 months (n = 3633) | 0.133 (0.111–0.155) | 0.056 (0.048–0.064) | −0.004 (−0.006 to −0.001) |
| 48 months (n = 3197) | 0.131 (0.108–0.154) | 0.056 (0.048–0.065) | −0.004 (−0.006 to −0.001) |
| 72 months (n = 5923) | 0.131 (0.115–0.148) | 0.045 (0.039–0.051) | 0.000 (−0.002 to −0.002) |
| Head circumference | |||
| Early pregnancy (n = 5103) | 0.042 (0.022–0.061) | 0.020 (0.013–0.027) | −0.002 (−0.004 to 0.000) |
| Late pregnancy (n = 5214) | 0.086 (0.066–0.105) | 0.040 (0.033–0.047) | −0.004 (−0.006 to −0.002) |
| Birth (n = 2952) | 0.071 (0.050–0.093) | 0.033 (0.025–0.040) | −0.003 (−0.005 to −0.000) |
| 6 month (n = 4323) | 0.147 (0.125–0.169) | 0.069 (0.061–0.077) | −0.007 (−0.009 to −0.004) |
| 12 months (n = 3977) | 0.146 (0.123–0.169) | 0.067 (0.059–0.076) | −0.006 (−0.009 to −0.004) |
| 72 months (n = 5778) | 0.141 (0.122–0.160) | 0.059 (0.052–0.066) | −0.004 (−0.006 to −0.002) |
| Height | |||
| Birth (cm) (n = 3700) | 0.043 (0.033–0.052) | 0.017 (0.013–0.022) | −0.001 (−0.002 to 0.000) |
| 3 months (n = 3021) | 0.153 (0.129–0.178) | 0.062 (0.052–0.071) | −0.003 (−0.006 to 0.000) |
| 6 months (n = 3956) | 0.162 (0.140–0.185) | 0.069 (0.061–0.077) | −0.005 (−0.007 to −0.002) |
| 12 months (n = 4075) | 0.171 (0.148–0.193) | 0.070 (0.062–0.078) | −0.004 (−0.006 to −0.001) |
| 24 months (n = 3774) | 0.155 (0.133–0.177) | 0.057 (0.049–0.065) | −0.001 (−0.004 to 0.001) |
| 36 months (n = 3590) | 0.146 (0.124–0.168) | 0.058 (0.050–0.066) | −0.003 (−0.005 to 0.000) |
| 48 months (n = 3185) | 0.151 (0.128–0.174) | 0.057 (0.049–0.066) | −0.002 (−0.005 to 0.001) |
| 72 months (n = 5922) | 0.146 (0.128–0.163) | 0.051 (0.044–0.057) | 0.000 (−0.002 to 0.002) |
Values are regression coefficients per standard deviation score (SDS) (except if otherwise displayed, cm, or kg) and 95% confidence intervals for the beta for increase axial length (AL; mm), corneal radius (CR; mm) or AL/CR ratio from linear regression models. “n =”represents number of total group. Models were adjusted for gender, age of anthropometry measurement, ethnicity and age of eye measurements. Bonferroni adjusted p‐values are shown in bold (0.05/75 = p < 0.0007). Estimated foetal weight was based on the Hadlock formula during pregnancy.