Table 1.

Salient features of SGLT2i[16,17]

Average HbA1c drop

0.79% in monotherapy

0.61% in combination therapy

More effective at higher baseline sugar; higher filtered sugar load

Glucose-lowering efficacy parallels renal function

eGFR 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2: HbA1c reductions 0.3-0.4%

eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2: HbA1c no effect

Increases plasma glucagon levels and stimulate hepatic glucose production, which limits efficacy

Insulin-independent action hence effective in all stages of DM

Carries various pleiotropic effects

Well tolerated

Low hypoglycemia risk in patients not using sulfonylureas or insulin