Table 2.
Some key initiatives by India to contain AMR before and after NAP adoption*
| Initiative | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | The Health minister of India along with the Health ministers of all member states of the WHO South-East Asia Region adopted the “Jaipur Declaration on Antimicrobial Resistance” in September 2011. |
| 2 | The “National Programme on Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance” was launched under the 12th five-year plan (2012-2017), which included Schedule H1. |
| 3 | An international conference on AMR - “Combating Antimicrobial Resistance: A Public Health Challenge and Priority” was jointly organized by the Government of India and the WHO in February 2016 and the “Medicines with the Red Line” media campaign was launched. |
| 4 | The National Action Plan on AMR was adopted in April 2017 |
| 5 | To begin the implementation phase of the NAP, a meeting titled “National Consultation to Operationalize Action Plan for AMR Containment” was jointly organized by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), and WHO Country Office for India, State health ministries and other relevant stakeholders during 24th - 25th August 2017 in New Delhi. |
| 6 | Strengthening AMR surveillance network for key pathogens and enrolment in WHO Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS). |
| 7 | Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) released “Antibiotic Residues limits” in food from animal origin. |
| 8 | The Indian Network for Fisheries and Animals Antimicrobial Resistance has been established with Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO’s) assistance |
| 9 | ICMR launched Antibiotic Stewardship initiative, released treatment guidelines for antimicrobial use in common conditions and the hospital infection control guidelines were made available on the NCDC website, in addition to the NCDC guidelines for antimicrobial use. |
| 10 | Draft standards for antibiotic residues in pharmaceutical industrial effluent and common effluent treatment plants were developed by the Central Pollution Control Board. |
| 11 | Kerala became the first state to adopt the sub national State Action Plan in October 2018 |
*The above list is not exhaustive