Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Population by Incident Dementia during Follow‐up
| Characteristic | Dementia‐Free, n = 2324 | Incident Dementia, n = 232 | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, yr | 72.3 ± 10.1 | 82.7 ± 6.8 | <0.001 |
| 60–66 | 1,066 (45.9) | 3 (1.3) | |
| 72–78 | 704 (30.3) | 85 (36.7) | |
| 81–87 | 378 (16.2) | 87 (37.5) | |
| 90+ | 176 (7.6) | 57 (24.5) | |
| Female | 1,435 (61.8) | 162 (69.8) | 0.015 |
| Education | <0.001 | ||
| Elementary | 328 (14.1) | 46 (19.8) | |
| Professional schools | 968 (41.7) | 126 (54.3) | |
| High school | 233 (10.0) | 19 (8.2) | |
| University | 794 (34.2) | 41 (17.7) | |
| VRFs and medical conditions | |||
| Current/ever smoking | 1,255 (54.0) | 111 (47.8) | 0.073 |
| Alcohol consumption | 1,633 (70.5) | 109 (47.2) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | <0.001 | ||
| Underweight, <20 | 112 (4.8) | 28 (12.1) | |
| Normal, 20–24.9 | 917 (41.8) | 115 (49.6) | |
| Overweight, 25–29.9 | 941 (40.4) | 72 (31.0) | |
| Obese, ≥30 | 300 (12.9) | 17 (7.3) | |
| Hypertension | 1,627 (70.0) | 166 (71.5) | 0.624 |
| Heart diseases | 516 (22.2) | 103 (37.1) | 0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 127 (5.5) | 38 (13.8) | 0.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 190 (8.2) | 37 (14.7) | 0.007 |
| Any APOE ε4 | 640 (27.5) | 89 (37.9) | 0.001 |
| MMSE | 28.9 ± 1.34 | 27.4 ± 2.01 | <0.001 |
| Cognitive reserve–enhancing factors | |||
| Years of education | 12.3 ± 4.0 | 10.7 ± 3.6 | <0.001 |
| Work complexity score | 5.0 ± 1.8 | 4.4 ± 1.8 | <0.001 |
| Leisure activities score | 2.51 ± 1.47 | 1.69 ± 1.34 | <0.001 |
| Social network score | 0.09 ± 0.51 | −0.19 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%).
APOE ε4 = apolipoprotein ε4 allele; BMI = body mass index; MMSE = Mini‐Mental State Examination; VRF = vascular risk factor.