P31‐43 peptide treatment decreased celiac disease (CD)‐Neisseria flavescens and control (Ctr)‐N. flavescens localisation in the late compartment and increased that in the early endosomal and autophagosomal compartments, respectively. Fluorescence images of CaCo‐2 cells infected with CD‐N. flavescens or Ctr‐N. flavescens after treatment with P31‐43. CD‐N. flavescens and Ctr‐N. flavescens are shown in green, (a) anti‐lysosomal‐associated membrane protein‐2 (LAMP‐2), (c) early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1), and (e) light chain 3B (LC3) are shown in red; yellow indicates colocalisation. Statistical analysis of (b) LAMP‐2, (d) EEA1, and (f) LC3 colocalisation of CD‐N. flavescens and Ctr‐N. flavescens in CaCo‐2 cells after treatment with peptide P31‐43. The columns and bars represent mean and standard deviation. The experiments were replicated 6 times (LAMP‐2, EEA1) or 4 times (LC3). Student's t test *
P < .05, **
P < .01, ***
P < .001, ****
P < .0001