Properties of subthalamo-nigral glutamatergic synapses derived from intact and dopamine-denervated animals. a, Current–voltage relationships of AMPAR-mediated eEPSCs at STN-SNr synapses in control (open circles, n = 9) and DA-depleted animals (6-OHDA; filled circles, n = 8). Insets, Representative STN-SNr AMPAR-mediated eEPSCs recorded at membrane potentials of −80 mV to +60 mV (20 mV-step increments). b, Average amplitude (bi, peak current at −70 mV), rise time (bii), and decay (biii) of eEPSCs in control (white, n = 35) or DA-depleted (black, n = 35) conditions. Insets, Representative eEPSCs recorded at −70 mV from control (gray) and 6-OHDA-treated (black) slices. c, Spontaneous subthalamo-nigral EPSCs (ci, sEPSCs). Average amplitude (cii, peak current at −70 mV) and decay (ciii) of sEPSCs in control (white, n = 10) or DA-depleted (black, n = 10) conditions. Insets, Representative sEPSCs recorded at −70 mV from control (gray) and 6-OHDA-treated (black) slices. d, AMPA/NMDA ratio at STN-SNr synapses in control (n = 13) and DA-depleted conditions (n = 7). Insets, Representative eEPSC traces recorded at −70 mV (black) and +40 mV (gray) from control (top) and DA-depleted slices (bottom). e, Paired-pulse facilitation of STN-SNr transmission. PPRs (peak EPSC2/peak EPSC1) in control (open circles, n = 22) and DA-depleted slices (black circles, n = 22) are represented as a function of interstimulus interval. Control versus DA-depleted, p = 0.98, two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's post hoc test. Insets, Traces from a representative individual trial, and eEPSCs from control (gray) and lesioned (black) slices recorded at a stimulation frequency of 40 Hz. f, Miniature EPSCs (fi, mEPSCs) recorded from control (gray) or lesioned (black) animals in the presence of tetrodotoxin (1 μm). Cumulative probability plots for mEPSC amplitude (fii) and interevent interval (fiii) in control (gray line, n = 7) and DA-depleted conditions (black line, n = 6). Insets, Average amplitude and frequency of mEPSCs in control (white, n = 7) or DA-depleted (black, n = 6) conditions (control vs DA-depleted, p > 0.05).