Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population.
| Stroke patients | Healthy subjects | |
|---|---|---|
| Participants (n) | 46 | 30 |
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 59.9 ± 10.0 | 59.0 ± 11.5 |
| Gender, male/female (n) | 31/15 | 14/16 |
| Stroke type, iCVA/hCVA (n) | 39/7 | |
| Time post stroke, months (mean ± SD) | 61.5 ± 76.5 | |
| NIHSS score (mean ± SD) | 4.8 ± 3.2 | |
| Affected side, left/right (n) | 26/20 | |
| Dominant hand, left/right/ambidextrous (n) | 3/42/1 | 0/30/0 |
| MAS wrist flexor muscles (median [IQR]) | 1 [0–1.5] | |
| MAS finger flexor muscles (median [IQR]) | 1.5 (1–2) | |
| pROM affected/dominant wrist, ° (mean ± SD) | 172.3 ± 20.1 | 167.9 ± 17.6 |
| FM-UE (mean ± SD) | 32.5 ± 18.7 | |
| ARAT (mean ± SD) | 21.0 ± 20.8 |
iCVA, ischemic stroke; hCVA, haemorrhagic stroke; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [range: 0–42]; MAS, modified Ashworth scale [range 0–4], (score 1+ is reported as 1.5); IQR, interquartile range; pROM, passive range of motion; FM-UE, Fugl-Meyer motor assessment of the upper extremity [range: 0–66]; ARAT, action research arm test [range: 0–57].