Table 1.
Summary of individual characteristics and results
| Subject IDa | Age (years) | Sex | Height (cm) | No. of synergies | R2 of synergy reconstruction | Idiff (Tc) | Idiff (Ti) | R2 of force reconstruction by H matrix and EMGs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 24 | M | 185 | 4 | 0.91 | 1.33 | 1.32 | 0.75 |
| 2 | 20 | M | 178 | 4 | 0.95 | 1.33 | 1.33 | 0.89 |
| 3 | 25 | M | 180 | 4 | 0.92 | 1.24 | 1.23 | 0.77 |
| 4 | 27 | F | 162 | 4 | 0.93 | 1.51 | 1.50 | 0.84 |
| 5 | 24 | F | 164 | 4 | 0.91 | 1.26 | 1.25 | 0.72 |
| 6 | 22 | F | 178 | 5 | 0.96 | 1.38 | 1.38 | 0.84 |
| 7 | 26 | F | 164 | 5 | 0.91 | 1.49 | 1.48 | 0.75 |
| 8 | 24 | F | 178 | 4 | 0.91 | 1.38 | 1.35 | 0.84 |
| 9 | 26 | M | 177 | 4 | 0.92 | 1.33 | 1.43 | 0.83 |
| 10 | 25 | F | 162 | 4 | 0.96 | 1.68 | 1.40 | 0.82 |
| 11 | 21 | F | 167 | 4 | 0.92 | 1.23 | 1.32 | 0.84 |
| 12 | 27 | M | 168 | 3 | 0.91 | 1.34 | 1.33 | 0.82 |
| 13 | 25 | M | 172 | 4 | 0.95 | 1.20 | 1.17 | 0.85 |
| 14 | 28 | M | 183 | 4 | 0.90 | 1.28 | 1.26 | 0.81 |
| 15 | 21 | F | 161 | 5 | 0.91 | 1.56 | 1.55 | 0.77 |
| Mean | 24.3 ± 2.4 | 171.9 | 4.1 | 0.92 | 1.37 | 1.35 | 0.81 | |
| ± SD | ±8.4 | ±0.5 | ±0.02 | ±0.14 | ±0.11 | ±0.05 |
aSubjects 1 to 8 participated in the virtual surgery experiment, and Subjects 9 to 15 in the force transformation control experiment. M, Male; F, female.