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. 2019 Jul 3;10:862. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00862

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Copyright © 2019 Jones, Garcia, Furches, Tuskan and Jacobson.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Possible interactions in the phytobiome between the plant, abiotic stress, keystone microbes, and microbial communities. Illustrated are the respective compartments of the holobiont, only the phyllosphere indicates keystone microbial interaction though the other compartments may have the same type of interactions. The phyllosphere may also be epithytic or endophytic. The cross-interaction between different compartments may be mediated at a community level, or by means of individual (keystone) microbes. In addition, the plant may also interact with whole communities or by means of individual microbes.